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Integrated submm wave receiver with superconductive local oscillator

V. P. Koshelets, S. V. Shitov, Lyudmila V. Filippenko, Andrey B. Ermakov, Willem Luinge, J. R. Gao, Petri Lehikoinen

Published Jan 1, 1997• 0 citations
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Abstract

A fully superconductive integrated receiver is very promising for submm space astronomy where low weight, low power consumption, and limited volume are required. The new versions of the integrated quasioptical submm wave receiver have been designed, fabricated and tested in the frequency range of 450-700 GHz. The integrated receiver chip comprises a planar double dipole antenna, SIS-mixer and on-chip superconductive Flux-Flow Oscillator (FFO) with matching circuits. The receiver noise temperature (DSB) as low as 140 K at 500 GHz has been obtained. A light-weight and low power consuming submm imaging array is under development. Each of 9 pixels of the array is realized by an all-Nb single-chip superconductive receiver, mounted on an elliptical silicon lens with anti-reflection coating. The experimental test results of one pixel receiver are presented. A computer based system is developed to control the operation of the integrated receiver.

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Softwaretechnik-Trends•Jan 1, 1997•0 citations
A fully superconductive integrated receiver is very promising for submm space astronomy where low weight, low power consumption, and limited volume are required. The new versions of the integrated quasioptical submm wave receiver have been designed, fabricated and tested in the frequency range of 450-700 GHz. The integrated receiver chip comprises a planar double dipole antenna, SIS-mixer and on-chip superconductive Flux-Flow Oscillator (FFO) with matching circuits. The receiver noise temperature (DSB) as low as 140 K at 500 GHz has been obtained. A light-weight and low power consuming submm imaging array is under development. Each of 9 pixels of the array is realized by an all-Nb single-chip superconductive receiver, mounted on an elliptical silicon lens with anti-reflection coating. The experimental test results of one pixel receiver are presented. A computer based system is developed to control the operation of the integrated receiver.
The concept of a fully integrated superconducting receiver looks very attractive for sub-mm space astronomy where low weight, power consumption and volume are required. The possibility to integrate on a few chips the different planar components: a SIS mixer, a superconducting local oscillator (LO), an intermediate frequency amplifier followed by superconducting circuits for digitizing and processing of down converted signals, is discussed. A first implementation of a real integrated quasioptical receiver for frequencies up to 500 GHz is described. The one-chip receiver comprises a double dipole antenna, parallel biased SIS array mixer and Josephson Flux Flow Oscillator (FFO) with matching circuits. The results of extensive investigations of the integrated receiver as well as design and investigation of novel superconducting elements are presented.>
The concept of the fully Superconducting Integrated Receiver (SIR) has been developed and experimentally demonstrated. The single-chip submm wave receiver includes a planar antenna integrated with a SIS mixer, which is pumped by an internal superconducting Flux Flow Oscillator (FFO) as local oscillator (LO). A DSB noise temperature below 100 K has been demonstrated around 500 GHz. Heterodyne measurements have shown that the instantaneous bandwidth of the receiver is 15 – 20 % which meets the requirements of practical applications. The double-dipole lens-antenna SIS mixer has an antenna beam ≈ f/9 with sidelobes below- 16 dB. This enables an efficient coupling of the SIR to the telescope antenna. With the FFO phase locked in the frequency range 270- 440 GHz a linewidth as low as 1 Hz has been measured relative to a reference oscillator. A compact array of 9 SIRs has been developed and tested. Each pixel contains an internally pumped receiver chip, which is mounted on the back of an elliptical silicon lens. A noise temperature of about 150 K has been measured at 500 GHz using the internal FFO for the imaging array of Integrated Receivers.
Experimental details of a unique superconducting imaging array receiver are discussed. Each pixel contains an internally pumped receiver chip mounted on the back of the elliptical microwave lens. Each chip comprises a quasi-optical SIS mixer integrated with a superconducting flux-flow oscillator (FFO) both fabricated from the same Nb/AlO/sub x//Nb trilayer on a silicon substrate. Properties of the integrated lens antenna were studied using an externally pumped reference SIS mixer which showed antenna sidelobes below /spl sim/17 dB and a receiver double side band noise temperature, T/sub RX/(DSB), below 100 K within the frequency range 460-500 GHz that is close to the quantum noise. For the imaging array T/sub RX/(DSB)=150 K has been measured at 500 GHz using the internal flux-flow oscillator as a local oscillator (LO). A balanced SIS mixer was tested showing T/sub RX/(DSB)<100 K within the range of 480-510 GHz using the internal LO. A computer system was developed to control simultaneously the dc bias of the SIS mixer and the frequency and power provided by FFO. The system also performs automatic optimization of the receiver noise temperature.
The concept of a fully superconducting integrated receiver is developed and experimentally tested. This single-chip sub-mm wave receiver includes a planar antenna integrated with a SIS mixer and an internal superconducting Josephson-type local oscillator (flux-flow oscillator, FFO). The receiver is tested with a DSB noise temperature below 100 K around 500 GHz being pumped by its internal local oscillator (LO). The instantaneous bandwidth of 15-20% is estimated via FTS and heterodyne measurements that meet the requirements of most practical applications. The far field antenna beam is measured as ≈ f /10 with sidelobes below -16 dB that is suitable for coupling to a real telescope antenna. A nine-pixel imaging array receiver with each pixel containing an internally pumped receiver chip is developed and tested. A linewidth of the phase locked FFO as low as 1 Hz is measured relative to a reference oscillator in the frequency range 270-440 GHz. An rf amplifier on the base of a dc SQUID is developed and tested showing a noise figure below 10 K at 4 GHz and a bandwidth of about 300 MHz. This amplifier can be included as a part of an integrated receiver that is valuable for array applications.
An integrated quasioptical receiver consisting of a planar double-dipole antenna, SIS mixer and superconducting Flux-Flow Oscillator (FFO) with matching circuits has been designed, fabricated and tested in the frequency range 420-530 GHz. The integrated receiver is very suitable for space applications because of its low size, mass and power consumption. All components of the receiver are integrated on a 4 mm/spl times/4 mm/spl times/0.2 mm crystalline quartz substrate using a single Nb-AlO/sub x/-Nb trilayer. The successful operation of the integrated receiver comprising a number of new crucial elements has been demonstrated. A DSB noise temperature as low as 140 K at 500 GHz and a tuning range of more than 100 GHz have been obtained. A comparison of the FFO with conventional external LO has been performed.
An imaging array receiver for the submillimeter wavelength is being developed. Each of 9 pixels of the array receiver is a single-chip superconducting receiver with dimensions 4 mm x 4 mm x 0.2 mm and contains a planar antenna, an all-Nb SIS mixer, a superconducting local oscillator (FFO) and the necessary coupling circuitry. A prototype design of the array receiver block, its optics and magnetic shielding are discussed. Experimental data for the integrated receiver for high frequency range of 550-700 GHz are reported. A first sample has shown receiver noise temperature of 560 K (DSB) at 645 GHz with optics optimized for 500 GHz. Smooth and permanent tuning has been demonstrated for the integrated LO over frequency range 610-700 GHz. To obtain ultimate coupling for both signals from the antenna and from the integrated LO, the integrated receiver concept with a quasioptical balanced SIS mixer is suggested.