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Generalization of the invaded cluster algorithm to the tricritical point

Ivan Balog, Katarina Uzelac

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The invaded cluster algorithm [1] is generalized [2] to the tricritical point on the example of 2d Potts model with annealed dilution. Self-regulating procedure that locates the tricritical point in the two-parameter space spanned by temperature and chemical potential of vacancies is constructed based on geometrical arguments. The tricritical point is identified as a simultaneous percolation of the Fortuin-Kastelyn cluster and the geometrical cluster consisting of vacancies and isolated spins. The tricritical values of parameters and concentration are presented for q=1, 2, 3 and found to be in a good agreement with the best known results [3]. Scaling properties of the percolating scaling cluster and related critical exponents are also derived. Based on the idea that effective correlation of vacancies is important at the tricritical point, we also examine alternative stopping rules within generalized IC algorithm, and possible extension to higher dimensions. [1] J. Machta, Y. S. Choi, A. Lucke, T. Schweizer, L. V. Chayes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2792 (1995) ; J. Machta, Y. S. Choi, A. Lucke, T. Schweizer, L. M. Chayes, Phys. Rev. E 54, 1332 (1996). [2] I. Balog, K.Uzelac, preprint cond-mat/0703759. [3] X. Qian, Y. Deng, H. W. J. Bl¨ote, Phys. Rev. E 72, 056132 (2005).

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The invaded cluster algorithm [1] is generalized [2] to the tricritical point on the example of 2d Potts model with annealed dilution. Self-regulating procedure that locates the tricritical point in the two-parameter space spanned by temperature and chemical potential of vacancies is constructed based on geometrical arguments. The tricritical point is identified as a simultaneous percolation of the Fortuin-Kastelyn cluster and the geometrical cluster consisting of vacancies and isolated spins. The tricritical values of parameters and concentration are presented for q=1, 2, 3 and found to be in a good agreement with the best known results [3]. Scaling properties of the percolating scaling cluster and related critical exponents are also derived. Based on the idea that effective correlation of vacancies is important at the tricritical point, we also examine alternative stopping rules within generalized IC algorithm, and possible extension to higher dimensions. [1] J. Machta, Y. S. Choi, A. Lucke, T. Schweizer, L. V. Chayes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2792 (1995) ; J. Machta, Y. S. Choi, A. Lucke, T. Schweizer, L. M. Chayes, Phys. Rev. E 54, 1332 (1996). [2] I. Balog, K.Uzelac, preprint cond-mat/0703759. [3] X. Qian, Y. Deng, H. W. J. Bl¨ote, Phys. Rev. E 72, 056132 (2005).
The invaded cluster approach is extended to the two-dimensional Potts model with annealed vacancies by using the random-cluster representation. Geometrical arguments are used to propose the algorithm which converges to the tricritical point in the two-dimensional parameter space spanned by temperature and the chemical potential of the vacancies. The tricritical point is identified as a simultaneous onset of the percolation of a Fortuin-Kasteleyn cluster and of a percolation of the "geometrical disorder cluster." The location of the tricritical point and the concentration of vacancies for q=1,2,3 are found to be in good agreement with the best known results. Scaling properties of the percolating scaling cluster and related critical exponents are also presented.
We study the two-dimensional dilute q-state Potts model by means of transfer-matrix and Monte Carlo methods. Using the random-cluster representation, we include noninteger values of q. We locate phase transitions in the three-dimensional parameter space of q, the Potts coupling K>>0, and the chemical potential of the vacancies. The critical plane is found to contain a line of fixed points that divides into a critical branch and a tricritical one, just as predicted by the renormalization scenario formulated by Nienhuis et al for the dilute Potts model. The universal properties along the line of fixed points agree with the theoretical predictions. We also determine the density of the vacancies along these branches. For q=2-squareroot of 2 we obtain the phase diagram in a three-dimensional parameter space that also includes a coupling V> or = 0 between the vacancies. For q=2, the latter space contains the Blume-Capel model as a special case. We include a determination of the tricritical point of this model, as well as an analysis of percolation clusters constructed on tricritical Potts configurations for noninteger q. This percolation study is based on Monte Carlo algorithms that include local updates flipping between Potts sites and vacancies. The bond updates are performed locally for and by means of a cluster algorithm for q>1. The updates for q>1 use a number of operations per site independent of the system size.
A recently introduced cluster acceleration algorithm for spin models [J. Machta et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2792 (1995)] based on invasion percolation is generalized to temperatures away from the critical point using concepts of random bond percolation. The generalized algorithm is equivalent to an "optimized" version of the Swendsen-Wang cluster algorithm [R. H. Swendsen and J. S. Wang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 86 (1987)], and we demonstrate its success and speed at all temperatures for the d=2d=2d=2 Ising model. We argue that the previously discussed connection to self-organized criticality may be viewed as one limit of the fixed-cluster algorithm.
The Potts Hamiltonian provides a conceptually simple model of discrete variables with highly non-trivial properties. It has been studied extensively, and many of its properties are now well known. In this paper, we investigate a generalization of the Potts model to include multi-spin interactions. Following the work of Chayes and Machta, the Fortuin–Kastelyn transformation is generalized to enable us to use cluster methods in addition to the usual Metropolis algorithm for computer simulations. We have computed the critical properties of this model using both a finite-size scaling analysis with histograms and the Monte Carlo renormalization-group (MCRG) to determine the critical temperatures and exponents.
We demonstrate that the invaded cluster algorithm, introduced by Machta et al (1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 2792-5), is a fast and reliable tool for determining the critical temperature and the magnetic critical exponent of periodic and aperiodic ferromagnetic Ising models in two dimensions. The algorithm is shown to reproduce the known values of the critical temperature on various periodic and quasiperiodic graphs with an accuracy of more than three significant digits, but only modest computational effort. On two quasiperiodic graphs which were not investigated in this respect before, the 12-fold symmetric square-triangle tiling and the 10-fold symmetric Tübingen triangle tiling, we determine the critical temperature. Furthermore, a generalization of the algorithm to non-identical coupling strengths is presented and applied to a class of Ising models on the Labyrinth tiling. For generic cases in which the heuristic Harris-Luck criterion predicts deviations from the Onsager universality class, we find a magnetic critical exponent different from the Onsager value. But notable exceptions to the criterion are found which consist not only of the exactly solvable cases, in agreement with a recent exact result, but also of the self-dual ones and maybe more.