In this paper, a quantum image encryption based on scrambling-diffusion (SD) approach is proposed. The position information of the quantum image is scrambled by Arnold cat map followed by Fibonacci transformation to avoid iteration problem in each technique. Then, quantum gray-code is used to encrypt the gray-level information of the scrambled quantum image. Simulations and analyses indicate that the proposed quantum encryption approach achieves better performance than previous approaches.
In this paper, a quantum image encryption based on scrambling-diffusion (SD) approach is proposed. The position information of the quantum image is scrambled by Arnold cat map followed by Fibonacci transformation to avoid iteration problem in each technique. Then, quantum gray-code is used to encrypt the gray-level information of the scrambled quantum image. Simulations and analyses indicate that the proposed quantum encryption approach achieves better performance than previous approaches.
The paper proposes a lossless quantum image encryption scheme based on substitution tables (S-box) scrambling, mutation operation and general Arnold transform with keys. First, the key generator builds upon the foundation of SHA-256 hash with plain-image and a random sequence. Its output value is used to yield initial conditions and parameters of the proposed image encryption scheme. Second, the permutation and gray-level encryption architecture is built by discrete Arnold map and quantum chaotic map. Before the permutation of Arnold transform, the pixel value is modified by quantum chaos sequence. In order to get high scrambling and randomness, S-box and mutation operation are exploited in gray-level encryption stage. The combination of linear transformation and nonlinear transformation ensures the complexity of the proposed scheme and avoids harmful periodicity. The simulation shows the cipher-image has a fairly uniform histogram, low correlation coefficients closed to 0, high information entropy closed to 8. The proposed cryptosystem provides 2256 key space and performs fast computational efficiency (speed = 11.920875 Mbit/s). Theoretical analyses and experimental results prove that the proposed scheme has strong resistance to various existing attacks and high level of security.
Quantum image encryption offers major advantages over its classical counterpart in terms of key space, computational complexity, and so on. A novel double quantum image encryption approach based on quantum Arnold transform (QAT) and qubit random rotation is proposed in this paper, in which QAT is used to scramble pixel positions and the gray information is changed by utilizing random qubit rotation. Actually, the independent random qubit rotation operates once, respectively, in spatial and frequency domains with the help of quantum Fourier transform (QFT). The encryption process accomplishes pixel confusion and diffusion, and finally the noise-like cipher image is obtained. Numerical simulation and theoretical analysis verify that the method is valid and it shows superior performance in security and computational complexity.
In encryption technology, image scrambling is a common processing operation. This paper proposes a quantum version of the 3D Mobius scrambling transform based on the QRCI model, which changes not only the position of pixels but also the gray values. The corresponding quantum circuits are devised. Furthermore, an encryption scheme combining the quantum 3D Mobius transform with the 3D hyper-chaotic Henon map is suggested to protect the security of image information. To facilitate subsequent processing, the RGB color image is first represented with QRCI. Then, to achieve the pixel-level permutation effect, the quantum 3D Mobius transform is applied to scramble bit-planes and pixel positions. Ultimately, to increase the diffusion effect, the scrambled image is XORed with a key image created by the 3D hyper-chaotic Henon map to produce the encrypted image. Numerical simulations and result analyses indicate that our designed encryption scheme is secure and reliable. It offers better performance in the aspect of key space, histogram variance, and correlation coefficient than some of the latest algorithms.
In order to further improve the security and efficiency of quantum image encryption, a three-layer encryption scheme for quantum color images based on 6D hyperchaos is proposed for the improved quantum representation model. The sequences generated by the 6D hyperchaotic system are applied to each layer of image encryption as keys. First, the quantum Fibonacci matrix is used to scramble the pixel value positions of the image to achieve the spatial scrambling of the quantum image; then, the position exchange of red, green, and blue channels and the bit-level cycle shift of pixel value are carried out alternately to realize the bit-level scrambling of quantum images; Finally, the XOR operation is performed on the quantum image whose position has been scrambled to realize the bit-level diffusion of the quantum image and obtain the final encrypted image. Simulation results show that the encryption algorithm is highly sensitive to the initial key, and the pixel values of the encrypted image are evenly distributed. In addition, quantum circuits are designed to implement the image encryption steps of each layer.
The traditional encryption technology mainly relies on computer or digital signal processor and other electronic devices to achieve, so the speed and cost were restricted.As a result, people began to study more secure and efficient quantum image encryption technology.In this paper, a new method of quantum image encryption based on Arnold transform and hyperchaotic system is proposed.The encryption process of this paper consists of two phases: scrambling encryption stage and gray scale encryption stage.In this paper, a quantum image encryption algorithm based on hyperchaotic system is adopted in the gray scale encryption stage.The hyperchaotic system is used to generate hyperchaotic sequences, which are used to control non-operation.Theoretical analysis and classical numerical simulation show that this new method of quantum image encryption based on Arnold transform and hyperchaotic system has good security and anti -attack.
Abstract In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on encryption algorithms based on square images. However, relatively few studies have evaluated nonsquare images. In this paper, we propose a novel encryption algorithm for nonequal length images. This algorithm incorporates bitplane chaotic mapping and Arnold transformation. To implement the algorithm effectively, we first transform the plain image into two binary sequences of equal size. Then, we introduce a new diffusion strategy to mutually diffuse these two sequences. Next, we utilize a chaotic map to control the swapping of binary elements between the two sequences. This process allows for the permutation of bits from one bitplane to any other bitplane. Finally, we employ the Arnold transform to scramble the positional information of the image, resulting in the final encrypted image. Using the parameters of nonequal Arnold transformation and the initial value of the Lorenz chaotic map as keys not only simplify the transmission of keys, but also makes the cryptosystem have infinite key space for resisting brute force attacks. Experimental results and security analysis verify that the proposed quantum image encryption algorithm can encrypt nonsquare images, and has good performance in terms of nonstatistical properties, key sensitivity, robustness and so on. Moreover, simulation experiments based on Qiskit successfully verify the correctness and feasibility of the quantum image encryption algorithm.