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Physical Review A

Reversing the persistent current of particles in a driven optical ring lattice

L. Morales-Molina, E. Arévalo

Published Oct 27, 2015• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the dynamics of persistent bosonic currents in closed-loop atom circuits in the form of ring lattices and under the action of time periodic driving. The closed-loop atom circuits are described by a Bose-Hubbard model in the presence of a Peierls phase and with periodic boundary conditions. We find that the motion of matter waves can be controlled with the help of an external driving only applied in one site of the ring lattice. For tuned values of the interaction strength between particles, we show that there exists a frequency range of the external driving where not only suppression but also reversion of the persistent bosonic currents is achieved. Applications of our results are discussed.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.92.043625

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We study the dynamics of persistent bosonic currents in closed-loop atom circuits in the form of ring lattices and under the action of time periodic driving. The closed-loop atom circuits are described by a Bose-Hubbard model in the presence of a Peierls phase and with periodic boundary conditions. We find that the motion of matter waves can be controlled with the help of an external driving only applied in one site of the ring lattice. For tuned values of the interaction strength between particles, we show that there exists a frequency range of the external driving where not only suppression but also reversion of the persistent bosonic currents is achieved. Applications of our results are discussed.
We investigate the dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional ring-shaped lattice with the Peierls phase and site-dependent modulations, where the condensate is confined in a single deep trap and the interparticle interaction strength is modulated by a time-periodic driving field. The system has a finite spectrum, which limits the excitation regimes, and the Peierls phase typically induces imbalanced complex hopping amplitudes in each direction, leading to nonzero net particle currents along the lattice chain, which can hold nearly persistent even when the driving field is turned off after half of the period. The configuration provides a specific way for the coherent control of particle currents in many-body quantum systems with the help of an external driving field and promotes the possible applications in future closed-loop atom circuits.
We study the ground state of two interacting bosonic particles confined in a ring-shaped lattice potential and subjected to a synthetic magnetic flux. The system is described by the Bose-Hubbard model and solved exactly through a plane-wave Ansatz of the wave function. We obtain energies and correlation functions of the system both for repulsive and attractive interactions. In contrast with the one-dimensional continuous theory described by the Lieb-Liniger model, in the lattice case we prove that the center of mass of the two particles is coupled with its relative coordinate. Distinctive features clearly emerge in the persistent current of the system. While for repulsive bosons the persistent current displays a periodicity given by the standard flux quantum for any interaction strength, in the attractive case the flux quantum becomes fractionalized in a manner that depends on the interaction. We also study the density after a long time expansion of the system. Our results can be used to benchmark approximate schemes for the many-body problem such as the density matrix renormalization group or other variational schemes.
We have produced persistent currents of ultracold fermionic atoms trapped in a ring, with lifetimes greater than 10 sec in the strongly interacting regime. These currents remain stable well into the BCS regime at sufficiently low temperature. We drive a circulating BCS superfluid into the normal phase and back by changing the interaction strength and find that the probability for quantized superflow to reappear is remarkably insensitive to the time spent in the normal phase and the minimum interaction strength. After ruling out spontaneous current formation for our experimental conditions, we argue that the reappearance of superflow is due to weak damping of normal currents in this limit. These results establish that ultracold fermionic atoms with tunable interactions can be used to create matter-wave circuits similar to those previously created with weakly interacting bosonic atoms.
We study the effect of a strong, oscillating driving field on the dynamics of ultracold bosons held in an optical lattice. Modeling the system as a Bose-Hubbard model, we show how the driving field can be used to produce and maintain a coherent atomic current by controlling the phase of the intersite tunneling processes. We investigate both the stroboscopic and time-averaged behavior using Floquet theory, and demonstrate that this procedure provides a stable and precise method of controlling coherent quantum systems.
We consider interacting bosons in a two-dimensional square and a three-dimensional cubic optical lattice with a periodic modulation of the sss-wave scattering length. At first we map the underlying periodically driven Bose-Hubbard model for large enough driving frequencies approximately to an effective time-independent Hamiltonian with a conditional hopping. Combining different analytical approaches with quantum Monte Carlo simulations then reveals that the superfluid--Mott-insulator quantum phase transition still exists despite the periodic driving and that the location of the quantum phase boundary turns out to depend quite sensitively on the driving amplitude. A more detailed quantitative analysis shows that the effect of driving can even be described within the usual Bose-Hubbard model provided that the hopping is rescaled appropriately with the driving amplitude.
In this paper the macroscopic quantum state of Bose–Einstein condensates in optical lattices is studied by solving the periodic Gross–Pitaevskii equation in one-dimensional geometry. It is shown that an exact solution seen to be a travelling wave of excited macroscopic quantum states resultes in a persistent atom current, which can be controlled by adjusting of the barrier height of the optical periodic potential. A critical condition to generate the travelling wave is demonstrated and we moreover propose a practical experiment to realize the persistent atom current in a toroidal atom waveguide.