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Quantum Information Processing

Subcarrier multiplexing multiple-input multiple-output quantum key distribution scheme with orthogonal quantum states

Hailin Xiao, Zhongshan Zhang

Published Dec 10, 2016• 11 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11128-016-1474-x

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We investigate quantum key distribution (QKD) in optical multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) settings. Such settings can prove useful in dealing with harsh channel conditions as in, e.g., satellite-based QKD. We study a 2×22\times22×2 setting for continuous variable (CV) QKD with Gaussian encoding and heterodyne detection and reverse reconciliation. We present our key rate analysis for this system and compare it with single-mode and multiplexed CV QKD scenarios. We show that we can achieve multiplexing gain using multiple transmitters and receivers even if there is some crosstalk between the two channels. In certain cases, when there is nonzero correlated excess noise in the two received signals, we can even surpass the multiplexing gain.
We experimentally demonstrated a high-performance multi-protocol continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) using one transceiver. The demonstrated multi-protocol CV-QKD system can simultaneously distribute 5 subcarriers with Gaussian, 4QAM, 16QAM, 64QAM, and 1024QAM modulation protocols based on orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM) technology. Moreover, the modulation variance and probability distribution factor of 5 subcarriers are carefully optimized to maximize their respective SKRs. Besides, we innovatively design an effective OFDM-based DSP scheme and a precise dual-stage phase noise compensation scheme to realize a low excess noise for each subcarrier operating at a 2 GHz symbol rate. Thus, the multi-protocol CV-QKD achieves multiple SKRs of 48.79, 7.58, 23.67, 32.93, and 36.78 Mbps over a typical transmission distance of 50 km within a single transmission. Therefore, our work provides a practical solution to achieve highly efficient, interoperable, flexible, and secure QKDs for high-speed quantum secure communication.