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Frontiers in Optics

High-dimensional quantum cloning of orbital angular momentum qudits

Frédéric Bouchard, Robert Fickler, Robert W. Boyd, Ebrahim Karimi

Published Jan 1, 2016• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present high-dimensional quantum cloning of orbital angular momentum quantum states of light. Moreover, we characterize our cloning machine for various dimensions and by performing full quantum state tomography on the cloned states.
DOI
10.1364/fio.2016.ff5d.4

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Photons with a spiral phase will carry orbital angular momentum (OAM), which can serve as a valuable resource for constructing high-dimensional Hilbert spaces due to its orthogonality and unbounded dimensionality. However, the fast measurement of high-dimensional OAM spectra remains a challenge. While intensity detection is relatively straightforward, full characterization requires phase retrieval. Although quantum state tomography allows full reconstruction, it demands a number of measurements scaling quadratically with the d2 of dimension (d), leading to a “curse of dimensionality” as the dimension d increases. Thus, there is an urgent need for efficient and simple methods for extracting phase information from high-dimensional OAM spectra. Here, we propose a generalized Poincaré sphere model with analog Stokes-like parameters, enabling full phase measurement of a d-dimensional OAM spectrum using only 4d measurements, significantly reducing the data acquisition requirement. We experimentally validated the method by performing intensity and phase measurements on 8-, 16-, and 32-dimensional OAM comb spectra. The results show excellent agreement with theoretical predictions, with measured fidelities ranging from 0.9829 to 0.9965. This approach facilitates an efficient characterization of high-dimensional OAM spectra and contributes to advancing their practical applications.