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Frontiers in Optics

Realization of Gain with Electromagnetically Induced Transparency using Zeeman Sublevels in 87Rb for Gravitational Wave Detection

Minchuan Zhou, Zifan Zhou, M. S. Shahriar

Published Jan 1, 2016• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show how to realize a negative dispersion medium using Zeeman sublevels in 87Rb, which produces a broad gain with an electromagnetically induced transparency dip, for enhancing the sensitivity-bandwidth product of a gravitational wave detector.
DOI
10.1364/fio.2016.ff1h.8

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Recently, we had proposed an optically-pumped five-level Gain EIT (GEIT) system, which has a transparency dip superimposed on a gain profile and exhibits a negative dispersion suitable for the white light cavity (WLC) enhanced interferometric gravitational wave detector [Phys. Rev. D. 92, 082002 (2015)]. Using this system as the negative dispersion medium (NDM) in the WLC-SR (signal recycling) scheme, we get an enhancement in the quantum noise (QN) limited sensitivity-bandwidth product by a factor of ~18. We have also shown how to realize such a system in practice using Zeeman sublevels in 87^{87}87Rb at 795nm [Opt. Commun. 402, 382-388 (2017)]. However, aLIGO operates at 1064nm and suitable transitions in Rb or other alkali atoms are not available at this wavelength. Therefore, it is necessary to consider a system that is consistent with the operating wavelength of aLIGO. Here, we present the realization of such an NDM at 1064nm with a microresonator, which supports optomechanical interaction. A strong control field is applied at a higher frequency, and, under certain conditions, a probe field at a lower frequency experiences a peak at the center of an absorption profile, and a negative dispersion in the transmission. Unlike in the GEIT case, we use the compound-cavity signal-recycling (CC-SR) scheme, where an auxiliary mirror is inserted in the dark port of the detector, and show that the enhancement factor can be as high as ~15. However, using the parameters required for the sensitivity enhancement, the optomechanical system enters an instability region where the control field is depleted. We present an observer based feedback control process used to stabilize the CC-SR system.
We report the realization of a superluminal laser in which the dip in the gain profile necessary for anomalous dispersion is produced via electromagnetically induced transparency caused by the optical pumping laser. This laser also creates the ground state population inversion necessary for generating Raman gain. Compared to a conventional Raman laser with similar operating parameters but without the dip in the gain profile, the spectral sensitivity of this approach is explicitly demonstrated to be enhanced by a factor of ∼12.7. Compared to an empty cavity, the peak value of the sensitivity enhancement factor under optimal operation parameters is inferred to be ∼360.
We experimentally demonstrate that broad, tunable bandwidth of an optical ring cavity can be achieved by making use of the negative dispersion of the Kerr nonlinear refractive index in the three-level electromagnetically-induced transparency medium. For a given cavity field intensity, the white-light cavity condition can always be satisfied by choosing the appropriate coupling beam parameters. This white-light cavity scheme can be used effectively to achieve large buildup intensity in the signal-recycling cavity with a broad bandwidth in future advanced gravitational wave detectors.