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Frontiers in Optics

Cavity QED with Collective Excitations of Warm, 3-Level Atoms

Garrett Hickman, T. B. Pittman, J. D. Franson

Published Jan 1, 2016• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We derive a simplified Hamiltonian describing an ensemble of three-level room-temperature atoms in a two-mode cavity. If one transition is driven with a single photon, the ensemble behaves as if it were a single atom.
DOI
10.1364/fio.2016.jw4a.171

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We theoretically investigate an ensemble of three-level room-temperature atoms in a two-mode optical cavity, focusing on the case of counterpropagating light fields. We find that in the limit of large detunings the problem admits relatively simple and intuitive solutions. When a classical field drives one of the transitions, the system becomes equivalent to an ensemble of two-level atoms with suppressed Doppler broadening. In contrast, when the same transition is driven with a single photon, the system collectively behaves like a single two-level atom. This latter result is particularly relevant in the context of quantum nonlinear optics.
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The photon statistics of the light emitted from an atomic ensemble into a single field mode of an optical cavity is investigated as a function of the number of atoms. The light is produced in a Raman transition driven by a pump laser and the cavity vacuum, and a recycling laser is employed to repeat this process continuously. For weak driving, a smooth transition from antibunching to bunching is found for about one intracavity atom. Remarkably, the bunching peak develops within the antibunching dip. The observed behavior is well explained by a model describing an ensemble of independent emitters.