Portable consumer electronics is most demanding in every segment of electronic industry and to satisfy the needs of low power electronics, comprehensive approaches and techniques have been proposed by various researchers.Reversible logic is one among emerging and competent technologies with profound applications in fields of computer graphics, optical information processing, quantum computing, DNA computing, ultra low power CMOS design and communication.ALU is a fundamental component of all processing units.Portability in computing system highly demands for reversible logic based ALU.Many researchers have proposed exact synthesis approaches of ALU design based on reversible logic but few have come up with reduced quantum cost without long computation overhead.Here in this paper heuristic approach has been used which not only provides solution for large number of variables but also avoids sufferings caused by long computation overhead.The main goal of this paper is to propose reversible logic based ALU and further it is optimized by Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm combined with Depth First Search (DFS) in terms of reduced quantum cost.
Portable consumer electronics is most demanding in every segment of electronic industry and to satisfy the needs of low power electronics, comprehensive approaches and techniques have been proposed by various researchers.Reversible logic is one among emerging and competent technologies with profound applications in fields of computer graphics, optical information processing, quantum computing, DNA computing, ultra low power CMOS design and communication.ALU is a fundamental component of all processing units.Portability in computing system highly demands for reversible logic based ALU.Many researchers have proposed exact synthesis approaches of ALU design based on reversible logic but few have come up with reduced quantum cost without long computation overhead.Here in this paper heuristic approach has been used which not only provides solution for large number of variables but also avoids sufferings caused by long computation overhead.The main goal of this paper is to propose reversible logic based ALU and further it is optimized by Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm combined with Depth First Search (DFS) in terms of reduced quantum cost.
Heuristic algorithms play a significant role in synthesize and optimization of digital circuits based on reversible logic yet suffer with multiple disadvantages for multiqubit functions like scalability, run time and memory space. Synthesis of reversible logic circuit ends up with trade off between number of gates, quantum cost, ancillary inputs and garbage outputs. Research on optimization of quantum cost seems intractable. Therefore post synthesis optimization needs to be done for reduction of quantum cost. Many researchers have proposed exact synthesis approaches in reversible logic but focussed on reduction of number of gates yet quantum cost remains undefined. The main goal of this paper is to propose improved Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm for quantum cost reduction. The research efforts reported in this paper represent a significant contribution towards synthesis and optimization of high complexity reversible function via swarm intelligence based approach. The improved ACO algorithm provides low quantum cost based toffoli synthesis of reversible logic function without long computation overhead.
Reversible logic has emerged as a promising paradigm in various domains, such as low power VLSI design, quantum cellular automata, and nanotechnology-based systems. The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is one of the main components of any central processing unit. In this paper we propose two new reversible ALUs using elementary quantum gates, with more functions compared to the existing designs. The results show that the proposed designs are better than the existing counterparts in terms of cost-metrics and the number of functions generated. The proposed reversible ALUs can be used in the implementation of quantum computers. All the designs are with nanometric scales.
To meet expectations of the futuristic technologies, thrust is on fast communication, low power, high computational speeds with delay intolerance. VLSI technology is laboring to meet the demands by incorporating low-power solutions to improve performance. Component size has come to Nano scales however, it has challenges of managing heat dissipation and physical limitations in fabrication. Reversible logic technology has gained momentum in research due to its prominence in Quantum computing and zero power dissipation. The arithmetic and Logic Unit is the significant component of any computing architecture, carrying out operations rigorously while consuming power for the endurance of performance. The proposed approach of designing the fault-tolerant Arithmetic and Logical Unit (ALU) in reversible logic for future computers. Analysis of the proposed design to existing designs is on the quantum cost (QC), garbage output (GO), ancilla input (AI), gate utilization (GC) and number of operations achieved. Improvements observed is at an average of 70% in AI and GC, 59% in QC , 53% in GO and operations are up by 33% to cater to the least power consumption applications.
In the current scenario, power consumption, speed, size and heat dissipation are the huge challenge in the semiconductor industries. When the size of the single computing element is reduced then the speed can be improved and also if the power dissipation is reduced then the heat dissipation will be less. The possible solution for these two problems is the Reversible Logic and Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA). The Reversible Logic is considered to be the promising technology to the future Quantum computer technologies. The Reversible Logic gates prune the power dissipation to a larger extent. In this paper Novel Reversible Gates are proposed with Reversibility and Universality. The Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) is designed with the proposed Reversible Gates in Reversible Logic. The designed Arithmetic and Logic unit is evaluated in QCA with the required specifications. The Arithmetic and Logic Unit is designed by setting the control inputs for each unit. The parameters taken into account are Quantum Cost (QC), Garbage Outputs (GO), Constant Inputs (CI), Area, Number of Cells and Simulation Time. The proposed ALU adopting Novel gates finds utilization in low power applications. Also it can be used as the module in the Quantum computers due to its reduced Quantum Cost and Garbage outputs. The Proposed design extends its applications over Quantum Computing, Optical Computing, Nanotechnology and DNA mapping.
Considering the relentless progress in the miniaturization of electronic devices and the need to reduce energy consumption, technical challenges in the synthesis of circuit design solutions have become evident. According to Moore's Law, the reduction of transistor sizes to the atomic scale faces physical limits, which complicate further development. Additionally, reducing transistor sizes causes current leakage, leading to increased thermal noise, which can disrupt the proper functioning of digital devices. A promising solution to these problems is the application of reversible logic in circuit design. Reversible logic allows for a reduction in energy and information losses because logical reversible operations are performed without loss. The research synthesized optimal reversible circuits based on reversible gates using evolutionary algorithms and compare them with existing analogues. The focus of this study is on logical circuits built using reversible gates, which can significantly reduce energy losses, which is critical for modern and future electronic devices. The synthesis of reversible circuits is closely related to quantum computing, where quantum gates also possess a reversible nature. This enables the use of synthesis methods to create quantum reversible logical computing devices, which in turn promotes the development of quantum technologies. The study focuses on the application of evolutionary artificial intelligence algorithms, specifically genetic algorithms and ant colony optimization algorithms, for the optimal synthesis of reversible circuits. As a result, a detailed description of the key concepts of the improved algorithms, simulation results, and comparison of the two methods is provided. The efficiency of the reversible device synthesis was evaluated using the proposed implementation of the genetic algorithm and the ant colony optimization algorithm. The obtained results were compared to existing analogs and verified using the Qiskit framework in the IBM quantum computing laboratory. The conclusions describe the developed algorithms, which demonstrate high efficiency in solving circuit topology optimization problems. A genetic algorithm was developed, featuring multi-component mutation and a matrix approach to chromosome encoding combined with Tabu search to avoid local optima. The ant colony optimization algorithms were improved, including several changes to the proposed data representation model, structure, and operational principles of the synthesis algorithm, enabling effective synthesis of devices on the NCT basis along with Fredkin gates. An improved structure for storing and using pheromones was developed to enable multi-criteria navigation in the solution space.
Reversible computing has emerged as a promising solution for reducing energy dissipation in digital systems by addressing the fundamental limitations caused by information loss.Quaternary reversible logic, which uses multi-valued representations, provides higher information density, reduced interconnect complexity, and better scalability when compared to conventional binary logic.This work presents the design and implementation of a quaternary reversible Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) that integrates essential computational modules, including arithmetic units, logical units, memory units, decoders, and multiplexers.The proposed architecture supports efficient data routing and precise operation control through a scalable control unit and a selection-line-based design approach.The designed ALU demonstrates reduced quantum cost, fewer garbage outputs, and minimized constant inputs in comparison with existing reversible ALU designs, while remaining compatible with larger reversible and quantum computing architectures.Simulation results and comparative analysis validate the improved efficiency and low-power potential of the proposed system, making it suitable for next-generation computing applications.The complete design is implemented using Verilog HDL and synthesized and simulated using Xilinx Vivado Design Suite 2025.