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Acta Physica Sinica

A novel beam-splitter for surface wave-guided atoms or molecules

Ji Xian-Ming, Yin Jian-Ping, (1)光谱学与波谱学教育部重点实验室，华东师范大学物理系，上海 200062; (2)南通大学理学院，南通 226007;光谱学与波谱学教育部重点实验室，华东师范大学物理系，上海 200062

Published Jan 1, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a new scheme to form a surface Y- or X-shaped beam splitter for optically wave-guided atoms (or molecules) and its Mach-Zehnder interferometer by using the combination of a binary π phase plate and a micro-cylindrical lens. The physics idea and basic principle of our beam splitter are introduced, and the analytic relationships between the intensity distribution (or the intensity gradient, or the splitting distance, and splitting-path width) and the parameters of our optical system are derived and discussed. The potential applications of the beam splitter and its experimental feasibility are discussed. Our study shows that the design is novel and the scheme is simple, and it can be used to construct various integrated atom- (or molecule-) optical elements with surface micro-structures, and even to form some all-optically integrated atom (or molecular) chips.

DOI
10.7498/aps.54.4659

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We proposed a Y\mathsf{Y}Y-shaped molecular beam splitter for guided polar molecules, composed by several 1-\ensuremath{\mu}m-thick gold electrodes deposited on a chip. The splitter has a total length of 10 mm and the height of the electrostatic guiding center (minimum of the electric fields) is about 100 \ensuremath{\mu}m from the surface of the chip. Our theoretical analysis and trajectory calculations are carried out using two types of polar molecules of ammonia-D3{\mathrm{D}}_{3}D3​ (ND3\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{D}}_{3}ND3​) and strontium fluoride (SrF). The calculated results show explicitly that, by applying a few hundred volts on the electrodes, the splitter can direct the guided (light or heavy) polar molecules to either of the two outgoing arms with any desired ratio (from 0% to 100%) by changing the voltages applied on the electrodes. This chip-scale molecular beam splitter offers a platform for molecular optics, precision measurements, and quantum computation. This basic optical element could be integrated into molecular chips and serve as a building block for a future gas-phase molecular laboratory on a chip.
In this paper, we propose a novel scheme to build a controllable four-well optical trap for cold atoms or molecules by using an optical system of a binary π-phase plate and a lens illuminated by a plane light wave. We calculate the intensity distribution of the four-well optical trap, and discuss the evolution process of the optical trap from four wells to two wells or form four wells to a single well, and derive some analytical relations between the characteristic parameters of the four-well trap (including geometric parameters, intensity distribution, intensity gradients and their curvatures) and the parameters of the optical lens system. Our study shows that our four-well trap can be continuously changed into a double-well one or a single-well one by moving the π-phase plate, and the relation between the distance of the trapping centers of the four wells or two wells and the moving distance of the π-phase plate is obtained by data fitting. So our four-well trap scheme has important and wide potential aplications in the fields of ultracold atomic physics, cold molecular physics, atom optics, molecule optics and quantum optics,and even in the fields of quantum calculation and information processing, and so on.
We propose a novel, to our knowledge, scheme to form a controllable double-well optical dipole trap for cold atoms (or molecules) by using an optical system composed of a binary pi-phase plate and a lens illuminated by a plane light wave. We calculate the intensity distribution of the double-well trap and derive the analytical relationships between the characteristic parameters of the double-well trap (including geometric parameters, intensity distributions, and intensity gradients and their curvatures) and the relative aperture beta of the lens system. We also extend our controllable double-well trap to its trap array by using a binary pi-phase grating combined with an array of spherical microlenses. Our study shows that, if the pi-phase plate (or the pi-phase grating) is moved along the x direction, our double-well trap (or array of double-well ones) can continuously evolve to a single-well one (or an array of single-well ones) and vice versa, which can be used to study cold collisions between two atomic (or molecular) samples and atom interference with Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in a double-well potential; to prepare quantum entanglement between two macroscopic atomic assembles, even to realize an all-optical double-well atomic (molecular) BEC (including an array of all-optical double-well BECs) by using optical-potential evaporative cooling; to form a novel optical lattice with a larger lattice constant; and so on.