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A hypersurface Bohm-Dirac theory

Karin Berndl, Detlef Duerr

Published Jan 30, 1998• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

We formulate a scheme for a Lorentz invariant Bohmian quantum theory for N non-interacting Dirac particles involving as an additional beable a foliation of space-time. This theory, which is a generalization of Bohm’s theory for N Dirac particles, allows for an equivariant measure on the leafs of the foliation—and hence for a simple statistical analysis analogous to the equilibrium analysis of nonrelativistic Bohmian mechanics—no matter how the foliation is determined.

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We formulate a scheme for a Lorentz invariant Bohmian quantum theory for N non-interacting Dirac particles involving as an additional beable a foliation of space-time. This theory, which is a generalization of Bohm’s theory for N Dirac particles, allows for an equivariant measure on the leafs of the foliation—and hence for a simple statistical analysis analogous to the equilibrium analysis of nonrelativistic Bohmian mechanics—no matter how the foliation is determined.
We define a class of Lorentz-invariant Bohmian quantum models for N entangled but noninteracting Dirac particles. Lorentz invariance is achieved for these models through the incorporation of an additional dynamical space-time structure provided by a foliation of space time. These models can be regarded as the extension of Bohm's model for N Dirac particles, corresponding to the foliation into the equal-time hyperplanes for a distinguished Lorentz frame, to more general foliations. As with Bohm's model, there exists for these models an equivariant measure on the leaves of the foliation. This makes possible a simple statistical analysis of position correlations analogous to the equilibrium analysis for (the nonrelativistic) Bohmian mechanics.
A candidate for a realistic relativistic quantum theory is the hypersurface Bohm-Dirac model. Its formulation uses a foliation of space-time into space-like hypersurfaces. In order to apply the theory and to make contact with the usual quantum formalism, one needs a framework for the description of subsystems. The presence of spin together with the foliation renders the subsystem description more complicated than in the non-relativistic case with spin. In this paper, we provide such a framework in terms of an appropriate conditional density matrix and an effective wave function as well as clarify their relation, thereby generalizing previous subsystem descriptions in the non-relativistic case.
We give a relativistically covariant, wave-functional formulation of Bohm's quantum field theory for the scalar field based on a general foliation of spacetime by space-like hypersurfaces. The wave functional, which guides the evolution of the field, is spacetime-foliation independent but the field itself is not. Hence, in order to have a theory in which the field may be considered a beable, some extra rule must be given to determine the foliation. We suggest one such rule based on the eigenvectors of the energy–momentum tensor of the field itself.
We give a relativistically covariant, wave-functional formulation of Bohm's quantum field theory for the scalar field based on a general foliation of space-time by space-like hypersurfaces. The wave functional, which guides the evolution of the field, is space-time-foliation independent but the field itself is not. Hence, in order to have a theory in which the field may be considered a beable, some extra rule must be given to determine the foliation. We suggest one such rule based on the eigen vectors of the energy-momentum tensor of the field itself.
In relativistic space-time, Bohmian theories can be formulated by introducing a privileged foliation of space-time. The introduction of such a foliation-as extra absolute space-time structure-would seem to imply a clear violation of Lorentz invariance, and thus a conflict with fundamental relativity. Here, we consider the possibility that, instead of positing it as extra structure, the required foliation could be covariantly determined by the wave function. We argue that this allows for the formulation of Bohmian theories that seem to qualify as fundamentally Lorentz invariant. We conclude with some discussion of whether or not they might also qualify as fundamentally relativistic.