Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Optics Letters

Low-frequency shift Raman spectroscopy using atomic filters

Xiaobo Xue, Corey T. Janisch, Yizhu Chen, Zhiwen Liu, Jingbiao Chen

Published Nov 11, 2016• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) and an atomic resonant absorption filter are used in tandem to demonstrate a low-frequency shift Raman measurement down to few cm−1. The FADOF, with an ultralow bandwidth of 0.08 cm−1 at 780 nm, serves as a bandpass filter, while the rubidium atomic cell acts as a notch filter which has a bandwidth of 0.3 cm−1. A proof-of-concept study to measure a Raman signal generated from a silica optical fiber is performed, demonstrating a low-frequency measurement of both the Stokes and the anti-Stokes shift down to 3 cm−1 at an equivalent signal level. These results indicate the prospect for gigahertz–terahertz low-energy Raman spectroscopy based on atomic filters.

DOI
10.1364/ol.41.005397

Related papers

Low wavenumber Raman spectroscopy using atomic filters (Conference Presentation)

Xiaobo Xue, Corey T. Janisch, Yizhu Chen +2 more

Low-wavenumber Raman spectroscopy has long been demonstrated as a method of optical characterization in a variety of applications, such as thermal detection and semiconductor analysis. However, accessing low-wavenumber Raman shifts remains a challenge, usually requiring an expensive and complex multi-stage spectrographic system to measure several cm-1 Raman shifts. In this work, we demonstrate a method to measure low-wavenumber Raman shifts down to 1 cm-1 using atomic filters. By using a narrow-band Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter to remove spontaneous emission noise from the laser cavity and a heated atomic cell as a notch filter to remove the excitation laser, the system is able to measure low Raman shifts (down to 1 cm-1). To demonstrate the capabilities, we measure the broadband Raman spectrum from a silica optical fiber with approximately 0.3 cm-1 resolution, detecting both Stokes and Anti-Stokes Raman shift as low as 0.7 cm-1.

Ultrafast Nonlinear Imaging and Spectroscopy•Nov 2, 2016•0 citations

Atomic filter based on stimulated Raman transition at the rubidium D1 line

Xiuchao Zhao, Xianping Sun, Maohua Zhu +3 more

We report on a 795 nm atomic filter consisting of a stimulated Raman gain amplifier together with normal Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filtering (FADOF) at the rubidium D1 line. The filter is operated with a single transmission peak. The gain of the filter's transmission light signal is enhanced up to 85-fold compared to case operating without a stimulated Raman transition. Based on atomic coherence, the filter's minimum transmission bandwidth is less than 22 MHz. In each filtering channel, the signal light's frequency can be tuned by changing the detuning of the coupling light. Such a filter with stimulated Raman gain is more efficient in extracting weak signals in the presence of a strong light background compared with the normal FADOF. This expands the range of potential applications in optical communications and lidar technology. This filtering method can also be extended to the lines of other atoms.

Optics Express•Jul 1, 2015•8 citations

Ultranarrow faraday rotation filter at the rb d1 line

Joanna A. Zielińska, Federica A. Beduini, Nicolas Godbout +1 more

We present a theoretical and experimental study of the ultra-narrow bandwidth Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) operating at the rubidium D1 line (795 nm). This atomic line gives better performance than other lines for the main FADOF figures of merit, e.g. simultaneously 71 % transmission, 445MHz bandwidth and 1.2GHz equivalent noise bandwidth. c © 2013 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 020.1335, 010.3640 Ultra-narrow bandwidth optical filters are key el-ements in laser remote sensing (LIDAR), observa-tional astronomy, free-space communications and quan-tum optics. Relative to conventional interference fil-ters, FADOFs offer high background-rejection, mechani-cal robustness, imaging capability and high transmission. FADOFs have been developed for several alkali atom res-onances – Cs D2 [1] and 6S1/2 → 7P3/2 [2] lines, Rb D2 line [3, 4], K (three lines) [5], Na D lines [6], and for Ca [7]. We demonstrate a FADOF on the D1 line of Rb (wave-length 795 nm). This line, efficiently detected with Si detectors, accessible with a variety of laser technolo-gies, and with large hyperfine splittings, is a favorite for coherent and quantum optics with warm atomic va-pors. Applications include electromagnetically-induced transparency [8], stopped light [9], optical magnetom-etry [10, 11], laser oscillators [12], polarization squeez-ing [13, 14], quantum memory [15] and high-coherence heralded single photons [16,17]. Here we show that the Rb D1 line provides supe-rior FADOF performance. We demonstrate a FADOF surpassing other atoms and other Rb transitions for key figures of merit, including peak transmission Tmax, transmission bandwidth and equivalent noise bandwidth ENBW = T−1max T (ν)dν, where T (ν) is the filter trans-mission versus frequency ν [4].

•Jan 1, 2012•87 citations

420-nm Faraday Optical Filter With 2.7-MHz Ultranarrow Bandwidth Based on Laser Cooled 87Rb Atoms

Xiaolei Guan, Wei Zhuang, Tiantian Shi +4 more

Using laser cooling technology, we demonstrate an ultranarrow-bandwidth Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) which operates on the$5^{2}\text{S}_{1/2}$($F = 2$) to$6^{2}\text{P}_{3/2}$($F' = 3$) transition at 420 nm based on cold 87Rb atoms. The filter achieves a single 2.7(2) MHz passband at a peak transmission of 3.2%. It is the narrowest bandwidth FADOF known at present, as the influence of Doppler broadening on the bandwidth narrowing of FADOF is effectively overcome by cold atoms. This ultranarrow-bandwidth FADOF has a figure of merit (FOM) value of 11.85 GHz−1, which is seven times larger than the largest FOM achieved by thermal vapor atomic optical filter published to date. Furthermore, the scheme can be extended to almost all kinds of atomic optical filters and may find applications in active Faraday optical frequency standard and self-stabilizing laser.

IEEE Photonics Technology Letters•May 1, 2023•9 citations

A Dual-Frequency Faraday Laser

Tiantian Shi, Xiaolei Guan, Pengyuan Chang +5 more

The Faraday laser, with Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) as frequency-selection element, is a natural narrow-bandwidth light source for laser physic experiments. In this work, a dual-frequency (DF) Faraday laser is demonstrated for the first time on Cs D2 line at 852 nm. The frequencies of the two modes of DF Faraday laser hinge on the peak transition frequencies of 852 nm FADOF transmittance spectrum corresponding to the ground state F=4 and F=3. The frequency difference between the two modes is tunable over a range of 1.4 GHz with the temperature of Cs vapor cell inside the FADOF. The linewidth of each laser mode is less than 33 kHz. Furthermore, the most probable linewidth of the beat-note spectra between the two modes is 902.95 Hz at different vapor-cell temperatures. Such a DF Faraday laser has many potential applications in atomic physics, such as sub-Doppler spectroscopy and coherent population trapping atomic clocks.

IEEE photonics journal•Jul 2, 2020•32 citations

Atomic optical amplifier with narrow bandwidth optical filtering

Duo Pan, Tiantian Shi, Bin Luo +2 more

Taking advantages of ultra-narrow bandwidth and high noise rejection performance of the Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF), simultaneously with the coherent amplification of atomic stimulated emission, a stimulated amplified Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (SAFADOF) at cesium 1470 nm is realized. The SAFADOF is able to significantly amplify very weak laser signals and reject noise in order to obtain clean signals in strong background. Experiment results show that, for a weak signal of 50 pW, the gain factor can be larger than 25000 (44 dB) within a bandwidth as narrow as 13 MHz. Having this ability to amplify weak signals with low background contribution, the SAFADOF finds outstanding potential applications in weak signal detections.

arXiv:1710.04768•Oct 13, 2017•0 citations
A Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) and an atomic resonant absorption filter are used in tandem to demonstrate a low-frequency shift Raman measurement down to few cm−1. The FADOF, with an ultralow bandwidth of 0.08 cm−1 at 780 nm, serves as a bandpass filter, while the rubidium atomic cell acts as a notch filter which has a bandwidth of 0.3 cm−1. A proof-of-concept study to measure a Raman signal generated from a silica optical fiber is performed, demonstrating a low-frequency measurement of both the Stokes and the anti-Stokes shift down to 3 cm−1 at an equivalent signal level. These results indicate the prospect for gigahertz–terahertz low-energy Raman spectroscopy based on atomic filters.
Low-wavenumber Raman spectroscopy has long been demonstrated as a method of optical characterization in a variety of applications, such as thermal detection and semiconductor analysis. However, accessing low-wavenumber Raman shifts remains a challenge, usually requiring an expensive and complex multi-stage spectrographic system to measure several cm-1 Raman shifts. In this work, we demonstrate a method to measure low-wavenumber Raman shifts down to 1 cm-1 using atomic filters. By using a narrow-band Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter to remove spontaneous emission noise from the laser cavity and a heated atomic cell as a notch filter to remove the excitation laser, the system is able to measure low Raman shifts (down to 1 cm-1). To demonstrate the capabilities, we measure the broadband Raman spectrum from a silica optical fiber with approximately 0.3 cm-1 resolution, detecting both Stokes and Anti-Stokes Raman shift as low as 0.7 cm-1.
We report on a 795 nm atomic filter consisting of a stimulated Raman gain amplifier together with normal Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filtering (FADOF) at the rubidium D1 line. The filter is operated with a single transmission peak. The gain of the filter's transmission light signal is enhanced up to 85-fold compared to case operating without a stimulated Raman transition. Based on atomic coherence, the filter's minimum transmission bandwidth is less than 22 MHz. In each filtering channel, the signal light's frequency can be tuned by changing the detuning of the coupling light. Such a filter with stimulated Raman gain is more efficient in extracting weak signals in the presence of a strong light background compared with the normal FADOF. This expands the range of potential applications in optical communications and lidar technology. This filtering method can also be extended to the lines of other atoms.
We present a theoretical and experimental study of the ultra-narrow bandwidth Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) operating at the rubidium D1 line (795 nm). This atomic line gives better performance than other lines for the main FADOF figures of merit, e.g. simultaneously 71 % transmission, 445MHz bandwidth and 1.2GHz equivalent noise bandwidth. c © 2013 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 020.1335, 010.3640 Ultra-narrow bandwidth optical filters are key el-ements in laser remote sensing (LIDAR), observa-tional astronomy, free-space communications and quan-tum optics. Relative to conventional interference fil-ters, FADOFs offer high background-rejection, mechani-cal robustness, imaging capability and high transmission. FADOFs have been developed for several alkali atom res-onances – Cs D2 [1] and 6S1/2 → 7P3/2 [2] lines, Rb D2 line [3, 4], K (three lines) [5], Na D lines [6], and for Ca [7]. We demonstrate a FADOF on the D1 line of Rb (wave-length 795 nm). This line, efficiently detected with Si detectors, accessible with a variety of laser technolo-gies, and with large hyperfine splittings, is a favorite for coherent and quantum optics with warm atomic va-pors. Applications include electromagnetically-induced transparency [8], stopped light [9], optical magnetom-etry [10, 11], laser oscillators [12], polarization squeez-ing [13, 14], quantum memory [15] and high-coherence heralded single photons [16,17]. Here we show that the Rb D1 line provides supe-rior FADOF performance. We demonstrate a FADOF surpassing other atoms and other Rb transitions for key figures of merit, including peak transmission Tmax, transmission bandwidth and equivalent noise bandwidth ENBW = T−1max T (ν)dν, where T (ν) is the filter trans-mission versus frequency ν [4].
Using laser cooling technology, we demonstrate an ultranarrow-bandwidth Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) which operates on the52S1/25^{2}\text{S}_{1/2}52S1/2​(F=2F = 2F=2) to62P3/26^{2}\text{P}_{3/2}62P3/2​(F′=3F' = 3F′=3) transition at 420 nm based on cold 87Rb atoms. The filter achieves a single 2.7(2) MHz passband at a peak transmission of 3.2%. It is the narrowest bandwidth FADOF known at present, as the influence of Doppler broadening on the bandwidth narrowing of FADOF is effectively overcome by cold atoms. This ultranarrow-bandwidth FADOF has a figure of merit (FOM) value of 11.85 GHz−1, which is seven times larger than the largest FOM achieved by thermal vapor atomic optical filter published to date. Furthermore, the scheme can be extended to almost all kinds of atomic optical filters and may find applications in active Faraday optical frequency standard and self-stabilizing laser.
The Faraday laser, with Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) as frequency-selection element, is a natural narrow-bandwidth light source for laser physic experiments. In this work, a dual-frequency (DF) Faraday laser is demonstrated for the first time on Cs D2 line at 852 nm. The frequencies of the two modes of DF Faraday laser hinge on the peak transition frequencies of 852 nm FADOF transmittance spectrum corresponding to the ground state F=4 and F=3. The frequency difference between the two modes is tunable over a range of 1.4 GHz with the temperature of Cs vapor cell inside the FADOF. The linewidth of each laser mode is less than 33 kHz. Furthermore, the most probable linewidth of the beat-note spectra between the two modes is 902.95 Hz at different vapor-cell temperatures. Such a DF Faraday laser has many potential applications in atomic physics, such as sub-Doppler spectroscopy and coherent population trapping atomic clocks.
Taking advantages of ultra-narrow bandwidth and high noise rejection performance of the Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF), simultaneously with the coherent amplification of atomic stimulated emission, a stimulated amplified Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (SAFADOF) at cesium 1470 nm is realized. The SAFADOF is able to significantly amplify very weak laser signals and reject noise in order to obtain clean signals in strong background. Experiment results show that, for a weak signal of 50 pW, the gain factor can be larger than 25000 (44 dB) within a bandwidth as narrow as 13 MHz. Having this ability to amplify weak signals with low background contribution, the SAFADOF finds outstanding potential applications in weak signal detections.