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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Fiber-based frequency-degenerate polarization-entanglement photon pair sources for information encoding

Feng Zhu, Wei Zhang, Yidong Huang

Published Nov 3, 2016• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a generation scheme of telecom-band fiber-based frequency-degenerate polarization-entanglement photon pair source. Basing on the vector spontaneous four wave mixing process in a Sagnac fiber loop along the clockwise and counter-clockwise directions, two frequency-degenerate and polarization orthogonal biphoton states generate and then lead to the polarization entanglement states by the interference at the beamsplitter. The raw fringe visibilities of the two-photon interferences are 97% and 92%, respectively. Information can be encoded on the generated photon pairs using the polarization entangled Bell states. It is demonstrated by a simplified Bell state measurement with a fringe visibility of 83%.

DOI
10.1117/12.2247563

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We propose and experimentally demonstrate a generation scheme of telecom-band fiber-based frequency-degenerate polarization-entanglement photon pair source. Basing on the vector spontaneous four wave mixing process in a Sagnac fiber loop along the clockwise and counter-clockwise directions, two frequency-degenerate and polarization orthogonal biphoton states generate and then lead to the polarization entanglement states by the interference at the beamsplitter. The raw fringe visibilities of the two-photon interferences are 97% and 92%, respectively. Information can be encoded on the generated photon pairs using the polarization entangled Bell states. It is demonstrated by a simplified Bell state measurement with a fringe visibility of 83%.
In this paper, a generation scheme of telecom band frequency-degenerate polarization entangled photon pairs is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. It is based on the vector spontaneous four wave mixing (SFWM) process in a Sagnac fiber loop, in which two frequency-degenerate and polarization orthogonal biphoton states have equal probabilities for generating along the clockwise and counter-clockwise directions. The quantum interference between them at the 50:50 fiber coupler of the fiber loop separates the two frequency-degenerate photons in a pair, leading to the generation of polarization entanglement. The raw fringe visibilities of the two-photon interferences under two non-orthogonal polarization bases are 91% and 90%, respectively. Information can be encoded on the generated photon pairs using the polarization entangled Bell states, which requires the frequency-degenerate property. It is demonstrated by a simplified Bell state measurement with a fringe visibility of 83%.
Abstract The theoretical and experimental investigation results of the generation of the polarization-entangled photon pairs operating at visible wavelengths are reported. The generation of polarization-entangled photon pairs was based on intermodal spontaneous four-wave mixing (IM-SFWM) using standard step-index few-mode fiber. It was shown theoretically that several combinations of IM-SFWM processes could occur depending on spatial modes of a pump beam. A polarization-entangled photon pair source based on Sagnac loop incorporating a segment of few-mode fiber were then experimentally created. A two-photon interference fringe visibility of our implemented photon pair source were 91.7% and 88.8% in H/V bases and D/A bases, respectively. A quantum state tomography was also conducted to reconstruct the density matrix of the generated state with a fidelity to a maximum entangled state of 93.1%.
Abstract The theoretical and experimental investigation results of the generation of the polarization-entangled photon pairs operating at visible wavelengths are reported. The generation of polarization-entangled photon pairs was based on intermodal spontaneous four-wave mixing (IM-SFWM) using standard step-index few-mode fiber. It was shown theoretically that several combinations of IM-SFWM processes could occur depending on spatial modes of a pump beam. A polarization-entangled photon pair source based on Sagnac loop incorporating a segment of few-mode fiber were then experimentally created. A two-photon interference fringe visibility of our implemented photon pair source were 91.7% and 88.8% in H/V bases and D/A bases, respectively. A quantum state tomography was also conducted to reconstruct the density matrix of the generated state with a fidelity to a maximum entangled state of 93.1%.
We present a fiber-based source of polarization-entangled photons that is well suited for quantum communication applications in the 1550 nm band of standard fiber-optic telecommunications. Polarization entanglement is created by pumping a nonlinear-fiber Sagnac interferometer with two time-delayed orthogonally polarized pump pulses and subsequently removing the time distinguishability by passing the parametrically scattered signal and idler photon pairs through a piece of birefringent fiber. Coincidence detection of the signal and idler photons yields biphoton interference with visibility greater than 90%, while no interference is observed in direct detection of either signal or idler photons. All four Bell states can be prepared with our setup and we demonstrate violations of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt form of Bell's inequality by up to 10 standard deviations of measurement uncertainty.
A silicon quantum photonic circuit was proposed and realized for the generation and the dynamic manipulation of telecom-band frequency-degenerate polarization entangled Bell states. Frequency degenerate biphoton states were generated in four silicon waveguides by spontaneous four wave mixing. They were transformed to polarization entangled Bell states through on-chip quantum interference and quantum superposition, and then coupled to optical fibers. The property of polarization entanglement in generated photon pairs was demonstrated by two-photon interference under two non-orthogonal polarization bases. The output state could be dynamically switched between two Bell states, which was demonstrated by the simplified Bell state measurement. The experiment results indicated that the manipulation speed supported a modulation rate of several tens kHz, showing its potential on applications of quantum communication and quantum information processing requiring Bell state encoding and dynamic control.
We demonstrate an optical-fiber-based source of polarization-entangled photon pairs with improved quality and efficiency, which has been integrated with off-the-shelf telecom components and is, therefore, well suited for quantum communication applications in the 1550-nm telecom band. Polarization entanglement is produced by simultaneously pumping a loop of standard dispersion-shifted fiber with two orthogonally polarized pump pulses, one propagating in the clockwise and the other in the counterclockwise direction. We characterize this source by investigating two-photon interference between the generated signal-idler photon pairs under various conditions. The experimental parameters are carefully optimized to maximize the generated photon-pair correlation and to minimize contamination of the entangled photon pairs from extraneously scattered background photons that are produced by the pump pulses for two reasons: (i) spontaneous Raman scattering causes uncorrelated photons to be emitted in the signal and idler bands and (ii) broadening of the pump-pulse spectrum due to self-phase modulation causes pump photons to leak into the signal and idler bands. We obtain two-photon interference with visibility >90>90%>90 without subtracting counts caused by the background photons (only dark counts of the detectors are subtracted), when the mean photon number in the signal (idler) channel is about 0.02/pulse, while no interference is observed in direct detection of either the signal or idler photons.