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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics

Optimistic fair exchange e-commerce protocol based on secret sharing

Changshe Ma, Feiyu Lei, Chen Kefei

Published Dec 1, 2006• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A key problem of electronic commerce (for short e-commerce) is fair exchange which guarantees that at the end of the transaction, either both parties in the transaction receive each other's items or none do. A non-interactive optimistic fair exchange e-commerce protocol model based on the publicly verifiable secret sharing is presented. The main idea of our exchange protocol is to interchange verifiable and recoverable keys of the symmetric encryption for participants' items. So it is especially suitable for exchange of large-size items. Furthermore, our protocol is efficient and simple as it does not need interactive proof system which has been adopted by a large quantity of previously proposed fair exchange protocols. Based on a modified (2,2) secret sharing scheme, a concrete non-interactive fair exchange e-commerce protocol is designed.

DOI
10.1016/s1004-4132(07)60028-0

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A key problem of electronic commerce (for short e-commerce) is fair exchange which guarantees that at the end of the transaction, either both parties in the transaction receive each other's items or none do. A non-interactive optimistic fair exchange e-commerce protocol model based on the publicly verifiable secret sharing is presented. The main idea of our exchange protocol is to interchange verifiable and recoverable keys of the symmetric encryption for participants' items. So it is especially suitable for exchange of large-size items. Furthermore, our protocol is efficient and simple as it does not need interactive proof system which has been adopted by a large quantity of previously proposed fair exchange protocols. Based on a modified (2,2) secret sharing scheme, a concrete non-interactive fair exchange e-commerce protocol is designed.
Fairness is the basic requirement of E-Commerce protocols. RSA is one of the most widely used cryptosystems. A fair-exchange protocol allows two parties to exchange items in a fair way so that either each party gets the other's item, or neither party does. In this paper construction and architecture of the existing fair exchange protocols are analyzed. Both practicality and efficiency problems of these protocols are also presented. Based on this analysis, an optimistic fair exchange protocol totally based on RSA signature scheme is proposed. The novel scheme employs verifiably encrypted RSA signatures in the extended integer ring that is elaborately constructed. The security and efficiency of the newly devised scheme are also proved and examined. It is showed that the proposed scheme is secure and efficient.
This paper presents an optimistic protocol based on the scheme of public verifiable secret share for distributed fair exchange. A distributed third party is designed to guarantee the fairness of exchange. Comparing to traditional trusted third party, this distributed third party is not fixed but dynamically selected by the players of exchange. This solution can effectively remove the risk of single point of failure and defend compromising attacks. The results of protocol analysis show that the protocol guarantees strong fairness and effectiveness of up to one-half malicious participants in distributed third party.
An Optimistic fair exchange (OFE) protocol is a good way for two parties to exchange their digital items in a fair way such that at the end of the protocol, both of them receive their items or none of them receives anything. In 2008, Huang et al. presented an efficient OFE protocol, but there is a security problem in their scheme. If the trusted third party (TTP) is dishonest and colludes with the verifier, the TTP can complete the transaction without getting signer's agreement. To solve this problem, we propose an OFE protocol in which there is a tracing algorithm to detect the party who completes the transaction. Furthermore, we obtain the accountability property introduced by Huang et al. in 2011, more efficiently and in the standard model while their protocol is in the random oracle model. We prove the security of our scheme under the chosen-key model and multi-user setting in the standard model.
For electronic items without generability or revocability, previous optimistic exchange protocols can't guarantee strong fairness. Gradual protocols assume equal computing power. And online-TTP (Third Trusted Party) protocols often suffer from communication bottle-neck. A gradual and optimistic fair exchange protocol is presented in this paper to solve the problem. Secrets are gradually exchanged with partially validation by recipients, while the probability of detecting cheats increases. Fairness doesn't depend on equal computational power assumption. TTP isn't involved unless dispute appears. The protocol provides stronger fairness than optimistic or gradual schemes.
One of the most crucial factors that e-commerce protocols should address is a fair exchange. In this research, an advanced method of cryptography coupled with the pay per use technique is used. A new electronic commerce protocol for the exchange of commodities is introduced. The proposed new protocol guarantees both features while addressing the main drawbacks associated with other related protocols. The new suggested e-commerce protocol is composed of two stages: pre-exchange and exchange stages. When the suggested new protocol is analysed with scrupulous protocol analysis, it attains fair exchange and a secure method of payment. The suggested new e-commerce protocol is more efficient than other related existing protocols. In this research “protocol prototype” and “model checking” is used for the purpose of authentication. The protocol prototype verifies that the suggested new protocol is executable when it's used in a real context. By experimental designs, this research shows the length of asymmetric keys as the biggest element that affects the efficiency of the protocol. When model-checking is applied in this protocol, the outcome indicates that the suggested protocol achieves the required features of fairness. Protocol extensions give those involved in the protocol the capacity to be resilient to failure. By using three methods of authentication, this research confirms that the new proposed protocol is well formulated. The work reported in this thesis first study the existing fair exchange protocols that solve the fairness problem. Then, propose more efficient protocol to solve the fairness problem. The original idea in this thesis is to reduce the communication overheads, risks and solve the bottleneck problems in the protocols that involve an online TTP.