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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Wave Detection Beyond the Standard Quantum Limit via EPR Entanglement

Yiqiu Ma, Haixing Miao, Belinda Pang, M. Evans, Chunnong Zhao, J. Harms, Roman Schnabel, Yanbei Chen

Published Jan 31, 2017• 0 citations
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Optical atomic magnetometry is a powerful tool for continuous sensing applications, yet, in the absence of quantum correlations, its sensitivity is limited by the standard quantum limit (SQL) stemming from a trade-off between optical probe imprecision and quantum measurement backaction. Beyond-SQL sensitivity requires quantum correlations that modify these measurement noise sources. Here we demonstrate such sensitivity by using entangled state of the probe light and by engineering correlations between measurement imprecision and backaction. Having first explored SQL in a broad range of frequencies, we demonstrate overcoming the limit by combining variational readout with coupling the magnetometer to one mode of a bipartite entangled light state and conditioning the results on the other entangled mode. Tuning the detected light quadratures and combining the signals from the two measurement channels, we achieve sensitivity beyond the SQL in a broad range of acoustic frequencies which has so far remained inaccessible to quantum-noise-limited optical magnetometry.
The Standard Quantum Limit (SQL) in interferometric displacement measurement imposes a restriction on the precision of the measurement due to its quantum back-action noise. This limit can be surpassed over a broad frequency band by injecting squeezed vacuum states with a frequency dependent (FD) quadrature angle into the measurement system. Here, we demonstrate the generation of FD squeezed vacuum states by utilizing Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entangled states. The frequency dependence of the squeezed state can be tuned by conditionally filtering the measurement once the two entangled fields are detected. A stable control scheme for the method is demonstrated which can be implemented in future gravitational-wave detectors to improve their astronomical reach.
In their paper "Entanglement-enhanced matter-wave interferometry in a high-finesse cavity" Nature (2022), Greve et. al. claim to use entanglement in a matter-wave interferometer to achieve a sensitivity beyond that achievable with the same number of independent particles -- a limit known as the standard quantum limit (SQL). In particular, using squeezed momentum states of 700 atoms, the authors claim to directly observe a sensitivity 3.4 dB (a factor of 1.5) below the SQL. This claim is incorrect. The authors do not measure anything beyond the SQL, nor do they achieve a sensitivity beyond what one could obtain with a single atom. The achieved sensitivity is at least a factor of 39 worse than the claimed value.