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Rydberg-interaction-based quantum gates free from blockade error

Xiaofeng Shi

Published Nov 2, 2016• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Accurate quantum gates are basic elements for building quantum computers. There has been great interest in designing quantum gates by using blockade effect of Rydberg atoms recently. The fidelity and operation speed of these gates, however, are fundamentally limited by the blockade error. Here we propose another type of quantum gates, which are based on Rydberg blockade effect, yet free from any blockade error. In contrast to the `blocking' method in previous schemes, we use Rydberg energy shift to realise a rational generalised Rabi frequency so that a novel $\pi$ phase for one input state of the gate emerges. This leads to an accurate Rydberg-blockade based two-qubit quantum gate that can operate in a $0.1\mu s$ timescale or faster thanks to that it operates by a Rabi frequency which is comparable to the blockade shift.

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Chinese Physics B•Oct 1, 2018•2 citations
Accurate quantum gates are basic elements for building quantum computers. There has been great interest in designing quantum gates by using blockade effect of Rydberg atoms recently. The fidelity and operation speed of these gates, however, are fundamentally limited by the blockade error. Here we propose another type of quantum gates, which are based on Rydberg blockade effect, yet free from any blockade error. In contrast to the `blocking' method in previous schemes, we use Rydberg energy shift to realise a rational generalised Rabi frequency so that a novel π\piπ phase for one input state of the gate emerges. This leads to an accurate Rydberg-blockade based two-qubit quantum gate that can operate in a 0.1μs0.1\mu s0.1μs timescale or faster thanks to that it operates by a Rabi frequency which is comparable to the blockade shift.
Rapid, accurate quantum gates are needed for an efficient quantum computer. Among the various physical platforms for logic gates, neutral atoms excited to high-lying states have met with much attention, but have been fundamentally limited by the gate protocol based on the well-known ``blocking'' method. Using a Rydberg interaction to tailor a generalized Rabi oscillation frequency, this study presents a class of exceedingly rapid and accurate two-bit quantum-gate protocols, with implications for quantum control across a wide range of platforms featuring two-body interactions.
We propose a nontrivial two-qubit gate scheme in which Rydberg atoms are subject to designed pulses resulting from geometric evolution processes. By utilizing hybrid robust nonadiabatic and adiabatic geometric operations on the control atom and target atom, respectively, we improve the robustness of the two-qubit Rydberg gate against Rabi control errors as well as blockade errors in comparison with the conventional two-qubit blockade gate. Numerical results with the current state-of-the-art experimental parameters corroborates the above mentioned robustness. We also evaluate the influence induced by the motion-induced dephasing and the dipole-dipole interaction and imperfection-excitation-induced leakage errors, which both could decrease the gate fidelity. Our scheme provides a promising route towards systematic control error (Rabi error) as well as blockade-error-resilient geometric quantum computation on neutral atom system.
We analyze a new Rydberg gate design based on the original π−2π−ππ-2π-ππ−2π−π protocol [Jaksch, et. al. Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 85}, 2208 (2000)] that is modified to enable high fidelity operation without requiring a strong Rydberg interaction. The gate retains the π−2π−ππ-2π-ππ−2π−π structure with an additional detuning added to the 2π2π2π pulse on the target qubit. The protocol reaches within a factor of 2.39 (1.68) of the fundamental fidelity limit set by Rydberg lifetime for equal (asymmetric) Rabi frequencies on the control and target qubits. We generalize the gate protocol to arbitrary controlled phases. We design optimal target-qubit phase waveforms to generalize the gate across a range of interaction strengths and we find that, within this family of gates, the constant-phase protocol is time-optimal for a fixed laser Rabi frequency and tunable interaction strength. Quantum control techniques are used to design gates that are robust against variations in Rydberg Rabi frequency or interaction strength.
Rydberg blockaded gate is a fundamental ingredient for scalable quantum computation with neutral Rydberg atoms. However the fidelity of such a gate is intrinsically limited by a blockade error coming from a Rydberg level shift that forbids its extensive use. Based on a dark-state adiabatic passage, we develop a novel protocol for realizing a two-atom blockade-error-free quantum gate in a hybrid system with simultaneous van der Waals (vdWsI) and resonant dipole-dipole interactions (DDI). The basic idea relies on converting the roles of two interactions, which is, the DDI serves as one time-dependent tunable pulse and the vdWsI acts as a negligible middle level shift, as long as the adiabatic condition is preserved. We adopt an optimized super-Gaussian optical pulse with kπ(k ≫ 1) area accompanied by a smooth tuning for the DDI, composing a circular stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, which can robustly ensure a faster operation time ∼ 80ns as well as a highly-efficient gate fidelity ∼ 0.9996. This theoretical protocol offers a flexible treatment for hybrid interactions in complex Rydberg systems, enabling on-demand design of new types of effective Rydberg quantum gate devices.
We propose a versatile control protocol based on modulated zero-pulse-area fields that dynamically suppresses Rydberg excitation while retaining Rydberg-Rydberg interactions as an entangling phase resource. This mechanism enables single-step, perfectly entangling phase gates for arbitrary blockade strengths, eliminating finite-blockade errors even when the Rabi frequency approaches or exceeds the interaction energy. The approach defines a new operational regime for Rydberg-blockade quantum logic in which speed, fidelity, and robustness are achieved simultaneously within a simple dynamical framework. Owing to its simplicity and generality, the technique is compatible with a wide range of neutral-atom architectures and offers a promising route toward scalable, high-fidelity quantum computation and simulation.
Combining adiabatic passage and Rydberg antiblockade, we propose a scheme to implement a two-qubit phase gate between two Rydberg atoms. Detuning parameters between frequencies of atomic transitions and those of the corresponding driving lasers are carefully chosen to offset the blockade effect of two Rydberg atoms, so that an effective Hamiltonian, representing a single-photon detuning Λ-type three-level system and concluding the quantum state of two Rydberg atoms excited simultaneously, is obtained. The adiabatic-passage technique, based on the effective Hamiltonian, is adopted to implement a two-atom phase gate by using two time-dependent Rabi frequencies. Numerical simulations indicate that a high-fidelity two-qubit π -phase gate is constructed and its operation time does not have to be controlled accurately. Besides, owing to the long coherence time of the Rydberg state, the phase gate is robust against atomic spontaneous emission.