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International Journal of Theoretical Physics

Enforcing Thermal Entanglement of Three Coupled Qubits by Dissipation

An-Ge Wang, Wenshu Yang, Sheng-Fang Lv, Xiao-Fei Yue, S. L. Wu, Jie Liu

Published Oct 30, 2016• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s10773-016-3173-x

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The maximum entanglement allowed between two coupled qubits in the steady state established by independent incoherent sources of excitation is reported. Asymmetric configurations where one qubit is excited while the other dissipates the excitation are optimal for entanglement, reaching values three times larger than with thermal sources. The reason is the purification of the steady-state mixture (that includes a Bell state) thanks to the saturation of the pumped qubit. Photon antibunching between the cross emission of the qubits is proposed to experimentally evidence such large degrees of entanglement.
It is common knowledge that coupling to a heat bath, in general, tends to reduce the entanglement in a quantum system. In recent years, increasing interest has been devoted to the opposite situation where thermal or specifically tailored environments may stabilize or even generate entanglement. We prove the universality of this phenomenon for multipartite entanglement in the frame of an exactly solvable dephasing model. We show by evaluating analytical lower bounds for the appropriate entanglement measures that a common thermal environment can dynamically generate all entanglement classes of three qubits for almost any initial product state. For sufficiently weak dissipation this entanglement may persist up to arbitrarily large times.