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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Real Part of Resonant Susceptibility and Refractive Index Grating Formation in Inverted Nd:YAG

Oleg L. Antipov, A.S. Kuzhelev, Dmitry V. Chausov, V.A. Vorob'ev, A.P. Zinov'ev, A. Yu. Luk’yanov

Published Aug 25, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Ti investigate the real part of resonant susceptibility and refractive index grating formation in inverted Nd:YAGr the authors used a low-noise Jamin-Lebedev interferometer to measure the refractive index of the changes due to energy state changes in the Nd population.
DOI
10.1109/cleoe.1998.719535

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Real part of resonant susceptibility and refractive index grating formation in inverted Nd:YAG

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Absence of full knowledge on resonant susceptibility (RS) of laser crystals leads to underestimation of different nonlinear optical effects (such as holorgraphic grating formation and others) which are very important for understanding the complicated laser dynamics and construction of new laser architectures. In the majority of previous experiments the resonant wave mixings (using nonlinearity of saturation of the working transition) in inverted Nd:YAG are explained by the gain grating (GG) formation (sec. for example. [1]). On the other hand, it is well known, that pumped and unpumped laser crystals have different refractive indexes due to difference in polarizability of excited and unexcited Nd3 ions [2,3]. However. various investigation methods provide different values of the polarizability difference varying from 4.10−3nm3 [2] to 9.10−4 nm3 [3] for the well-studied Nd-dopcd materials.
The formation of gratings accompanying a population grating in a flash-lamp pumped Nd:YAG laser amplifier has been studied by using both nondegenerate and degenerate four-wave mixing techniques. In our investigations the grating of population inversion was induced by optical waves at 1064 nm. The refractive index grating caused by the population grating was read by an optical wave at another wavelength (1054 nm or 694 nm) in nondegenerate four-wave mixing experiments. In the degenerate four-wave mixing experiments the total grating, i.e. the sum of the refractive index and gain gratings, was read by resonant wave (at 1064 nm wavelength). The dependence of the ratio of real and imaginary parts of the resonant susceptibility of Nd:YAG at 1064 nm on the pump power has been determined through comparison of experimental results and numerical calculations.
The mechanism for refractive-index changes that accompany changes in population during pumping and amplification of an optical beam is studied in a Nd:YAG laser crystal by both resonant four-wave mixing and interferometric techniques. It is found that these refractive-index changes (connected with the difference in polarizability of excited and unexcited Nd3+ ions) have two components: a small noninertial component that accompanies an amplified optical pulse and the major changes that are intensified with a delay time of ∼3 µs. The latter effect is explained by population (or depopulation) of a higher-lying energy level 2(F2)5/2 of the 4f electron shell of Nd3+ ions, which has large polarizability in near-IR and visible light. The real part of the nonlinear optical resonant susceptibility of the inverted Nd:YAG caused by the refractive-index changes is also discussed.
Summary form only given. The authors experimental and theoretical investigations confirmed existence of refractive index grating (RIG) accompanied by population grating in inverted Nd:YAG laser. This result is in good agreement with our recent investigations of degenerate two-wave mixing and stimulated resonant backscattering of the optical beam in Nd:YAG laser amplifiers. The RIG in inverted Nd:YAG must be taken into account for understanding the nonlinear interactions of optical waves in laser amplifiers and oscillators.
Two optical waves (at 1064 nm) were used to resonantly induce a population grating in a flash-lamp-pumped Nd:YAG rod, and a nonresonant wave (at 1054 or 694 nm) was used to read (with a diffraction efficiency of as much as 1% or 0.3%, respectively) the refractive-index grating caused by the difference in the polarizability of the excited and the unexcited Nd ions. Comparisons of experimental results and numerical calculations gave the dependence of the ratio of the real and the imaginary parts of the resonant susceptibility of Nd:YAG at 1064 nm on the pump power.