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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Laser control of decay rates in three-level atoms

Yevgeny V. Radeonychev, Olga A. Kocharovskaya

Published Aug 29, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. In three-level atoms the drastic modification of the decay rates by the driving field may occur in the free space as soon as one dynamic Stark level crosses a neighboring unperturbed atomic energy state. This leads to appearance of spontaneous emission from the former ground state to the lower dynamic Stark level or spontaneous decay from the upper dynamic Stark level to the excited atomic state. For an experimental realization we propose to use a cell with potassium (/sup 39/K) vapor in magnetic field driven on D1-transition by circular polarized radiation of Ti:sapphire or dye laser.

DOI
10.1109/iqec.2000.908126

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Physical Review A•Aug 1, 1996•3 citations
Summary form only given. In three-level atoms the drastic modification of the decay rates by the driving field may occur in the free space as soon as one dynamic Stark level crosses a neighboring unperturbed atomic energy state. This leads to appearance of spontaneous emission from the former ground state to the lower dynamic Stark level or spontaneous decay from the upper dynamic Stark level to the excited atomic state. For an experimental realization we propose to use a cell with potassium (/sup 39/K) vapor in magnetic field driven on D1-transition by circular polarized radiation of Ti:sapphire or dye laser.
Spontaneous emission can be modified if the atom is driven by an external coherent field. Such modification include the three-peak spectrum of resonance fluorescence from a two level atom. The spectral line elimination and cancellation of spontaneous emission is possible under conditions that the spontaneous emission from an excited atom can be trapped in the upper states without decaying. The amount of fluorescence in this case as well as the population of the upper levels can be controlled. If spontaneous emission along with atomic transition is suppressed, it is possible to create a population in version on this transition by using a very weak incoherent pumping.
Possibility of coherent control of spontaneous emission from four- and five-level systems in the laser radiation field is studied. The four-level system consists of two levels resonantly driven by laser radiation where either of levels may decay to a separate level. For such a system we show that the presence of the second decay channel may deteriorate the destructive interference occurring because of Autler-Townes effect in case of one decay channel. The five-level system represents two two-level resonantly driven systems with the upper levels decaying to a common level. For this case, the interference between the two decay channels is partially or completely destructive or constructive depending on the initial conditions and on the mutual orientation of the transition dipole moments. It is shown that population transfer takes place by the same quantum vacuum via spontaneous emission. The populations are shown to have damping oscillatory nature.
It has been shown recently [see, for example, S.-Y. Zhu and M. O. Scully, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 388 (1996)] that a dynamical suppression of spontaneous emission can occur in a three-level system when an external field drives transitions between a metastable state and two decaying states. What is unusual in the decay scheme is that the decaying states are coupled directly by the vacuum radiation field. It is shown that the decay dynamics required for total suppression of spontaneous emission necessarily implies that the level scheme is isomorphic to a three-level \ensuremath{\Lambda} system, in which the lower two levels are both metastable and each is coupled to the decaying state. As such, the total suppression of spontaneous emission can be explained in terms of conventional dark states and coherent population trapping.
We present a perturbative derivation of the fluorescence spectrum for a three-level atom driven by a classical radiation field. The energies of the three atomic levels are equal to \ensuremath{\Elzxh}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{\mathrm{i}}$ (i=1, 2, and 3) with ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{3}$\ensuremath{\gtrsim}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{2}$\ensuremath{\gtrsim}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{1}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{32}$\ensuremath{\gg}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{21}$ (${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{\mathit{ij}}$=${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{\mathit{i}}$-${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{\mathit{j}}$). The radiation field, having a frequency \ensuremath{\Omega}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{31}$, can be considered to drive the 2-3 transition only. Spontaneous emission from the ground state, via a normally counter-rotating atom-vacuum interaction term in the Hamiltonian, conserves energy when a photon is subsequently absorbed from the laser field. The spectrum is explained in terms of a Raman process, and in terms of an interaction between the laser field and the coupled atom-vacuum field system. Connection is made with a dressed-atom description of the problem. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.