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IEEE International Conference on Advanced Networks and Telecommunications Systems

Group key establishment (GKE): Two/three party key exchange to GKE

S. Sree Vivek, S. Sharmila Deva Selvi, Deepanshu Shukla, Chandrasekharan Pandu Rangan

Published Dec 1, 2012• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This work presents the first scalable, efficient and generic compilers to construct group key exchange (GKE) protocols from two/three party key exchange (2-KE/3-KE) protocols. We propose three different compilers where the first one is a 2-KE to GKE compiler (2-TGKE) for tree topology, the second one is also for tree topology but from 3-KE to GKE (3-TGKE) and the third one is a compiler that constructs a GKE from 3-KE for circular topology. Our compilers 2-TGKE and 3-TGKE are first of their kind and are efficient due to the underlying tree topology. For the circular topology, we design a compiler called 3-CGKE. By extending the compilers 2-TGKE and 3-TGKE using the techniques in [?], scalable compilers for tree based authenticated group key exchange protocols (2-TAGKE/3-TAGKE), that are secure against active adversaries can be constructed. As an added advantage our compilers can be used in a setting where there is asymmetric distribution of computing power and hence applicable for low power devices such as PDA's, palmtops, sensor network nodes and mobile phones.

DOI
10.1109/ants.2012.6524229

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Abstract. This work presents the first scalable, efficient and generic compilers to construct group key exchange (GKE) protocols from two/three party key exchange (2-KE/3-KE) protocols. We propose three different compilers where the first one is a 2-KE to GKE compiler (2-TGKE) for tree topology, the second one is also for tree topology but from 3-KE to GKE (3-TGKE) and the third one is a compiler that constructs a GKE from 3-KE for circular topology. Our compilers 2-TGKE and 3-TGKE are first of their kind and are efficient due to the underlying tree topology. For the circular topology, we design a compiler called 3-CGKE. 2-TGKE and 3-TGKE compilers require a total of O (n lg n) communication, when compared to the existing compiler for circular topology, where the communication cost is O ` n 2 ´. By extending the compilers 2-TGKE and 3-TGKE using the techniques in [18], scalable compilers for tree based authenticated group key exchange protocols (2-TAGKE/3-TAGKE), which are secure against active adversaries can be constructed. As an added advantage our compilers can be used in a setting where there is asymmetric distribution of computing power. Finally, we present a constant round authenticated group key exchange (2-TAGKE) obtained by applying Diffie-Hellman protocol and the technique in [18] to our compiler 2-TGKE. We prove the security of our compilers in a stronger Real or Random model and do not assume the existence of random oracles.

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Faculty of Science and Technology; Information Security Institute•Jan 1, 2010•1 citation
This work presents the first scalable, efficient and generic compilers to construct group key exchange (GKE) protocols from two/three party key exchange (2-KE/3-KE) protocols. We propose three different compilers where the first one is a 2-KE to GKE compiler (2-TGKE) for tree topology, the second one is also for tree topology but from 3-KE to GKE (3-TGKE) and the third one is a compiler that constructs a GKE from 3-KE for circular topology. Our compilers 2-TGKE and 3-TGKE are first of their kind and are efficient due to the underlying tree topology. For the circular topology, we design a compiler called 3-CGKE. By extending the compilers 2-TGKE and 3-TGKE using the techniques in [?], scalable compilers for tree based authenticated group key exchange protocols (2-TAGKE/3-TAGKE), that are secure against active adversaries can be constructed. As an added advantage our compilers can be used in a setting where there is asymmetric distribution of computing power and hence applicable for low power devices such as PDA's, palmtops, sensor network nodes and mobile phones.
Abstract. This work presents the first scalable, efficient and generic compilers to construct group key exchange (GKE) protocols from two/three party key exchange (2-KE/3-KE) protocols. We propose three different compilers where the first one is a 2-KE to GKE compiler (2-TGKE) for tree topology, the second one is also for tree topology but from 3-KE to GKE (3-TGKE) and the third one is a compiler that constructs a GKE from 3-KE for circular topology. Our compilers 2-TGKE and 3-TGKE are first of their kind and are efficient due to the underlying tree topology. For the circular topology, we design a compiler called 3-CGKE. 2-TGKE and 3-TGKE compilers require a total of O (n lg n) communication, when compared to the existing compiler for circular topology, where the communication cost is O ` n 2 ´. By extending the compilers 2-TGKE and 3-TGKE using the techniques in [18], scalable compilers for tree based authenticated group key exchange protocols (2-TAGKE/3-TAGKE), which are secure against active adversaries can be constructed. As an added advantage our compilers can be used in a setting where there is asymmetric distribution of computing power. Finally, we present a constant round authenticated group key exchange (2-TAGKE) obtained by applying Diffie-Hellman protocol and the technique in [18] to our compiler 2-TGKE. We prove the security of our compilers in a stronger Real or Random model and do not assume the existence of random oracles.
Abstract. Task-specific groups are often formed in an ad-hoc manner within big structures, like companies. Take the following typical scenario: A high rank manager decides that a task force group for some project needs to be built. This order is passed down the hierarchy where it finally reaches a manager who calls some employees to form a group. The members should communicate in a secure way and for efficiency reasons symmetric systems are the common choice. To establish joint secret keys for groups, group key exchange (GKE) protocols were developed. If the users are part of e.g. a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), which is usually the case within a company or a small network, it is possible to achieve authenticated GKE by modifying the protocol and particularly by including signatures. In this paper we recall a GKE due to Burmester and Desmedt which needs only O(log n) communication and computation complexity per user, rather than O(n) as in the more well-known Burmester-Desmedt protocol, and runs in a constant number of rounds. To achieve authenticated GKE one can apply compilers, however, the existing ones would need O(n) computation and communication thereby mitigating the advantages of the faster protocol. Our contribution is to extend an existing compiler so that it preserves the computation and communication complexity of the non-authenticated protocol. This is particularly important for tree based protocols.
Distributed operating systems are designed to run over a collection of computing nodes that are spatially disseminated and communicate through a computer network. The computing nodes interact collaboratively with each other in order to pursue a common purpose. Protecting group communication between the collaborating nodes against potential attacks is one of the major challenges faced by the designers of distributed operating systems. This challenge can be effectively addressed by a group key exchange (GKE) protocol which allows a group of communicating parties to build a secure multicast channel over an insecure network. In this work, we propose a scalable GKE protocol that achieves both constant round complexity and logarithmic computation complexity. Our GKE protocol achieves its scalability by employing a complete binary tree structure combined with a so-called ”nonce-chained authentication technique”. Besides the scalability, our protocol features provable security against active adversaries in a well-defined communication model.
Protocols for group key exchange (GKE) are cryptographic algorithms that describe how a group of parties communicating over a public network can come up with a common secret key. Due to their critical role in building secure multicast channels, a number of GKE protocols have been proposed over the years in a variety of settings. However despite many impressive achievements, it still remains a challenging problem to design a secure GKE protocol which scales very well for large groups. Our observation is that all provably-secure constant-round GKE protocols providing forward secrecy thus far are not fully scalable, but have a computational complexity that scales only linearly in group size. Motivated by this observation, we propose a new GKE protocol that not only offers full scalability in all directions but also attains provable security against active adversaries. Full scalability is achieved by using a complete binary tree structure where users are arranged on both internal and leaf nodes. Security is proved via reduction to the decisional Diffie-Hellman assumption in a well-defined formal model of communication and adversarial capabilities.
A group key exchange (GKE) protocol allows a set of parties to agree upon a common secret session key over a public network. In this thesis, we focus on designing efficient GKE protocols using public key techniques and appropriately revising security models for GKE protocols. For the purpose of modelling and analysing the security of GKE protocols we apply the widely accepted computational complexity approach. The contributions of the thesis to the area of GKE protocols are manifold. We propose the first GKE protocol that requires only one round of communication and is proven secure in the standard model. Our protocol is generically constructed from a key encapsulation mechanism (KEM). We also suggest an efficient KEM from the literature, which satisfies the underlying security notion, to instantiate the generic protocol. We then concentrate on enhancing the security of one-round GKE protocols. A new model of security for forward secure GKE protocols is introduced and a generic one-round GKE protocol with forward security is then presented. The security of this protocol is also proven in the standard model. We also propose an efficient forward secure encryption scheme that can be used to instantiate the generic GKE protocol. Our next contributions are to the security models of GKE protocols. We observe that the analysis of GKE protocols has not been as extensive as that of two-party key exchange protocols. Particularly, the security attribute of key compromise impersonation (KCI) resilience has so far been ignored for GKE protocols. We model the security of GKE protocols addressing KCI attacks by both outsider and insider adversaries. We then show that a few existing protocols are not secure against KCI attacks. A new proof of security for an existing GKE protocol is given under the revised model assuming random oracles. Subsequently, we treat the security of GKE protocols in the universal composability (UC) framework. We present a new UC ideal functionality for GKE protocols capturing the security attribute of contributiveness. An existing protocol with minor revisions is then shown to realize our functionality in the random oracle model. Finally, we explore the possibility of constructing GKE protocols in the attribute-based setting. We introduce the concept of attribute-based group key exchange (AB-GKE). A security model for AB-GKE and a one-round AB-GKE protocol satisfying our security notion are presented. The protocol is generically constructed from a new cryptographic primitive called encapsulation policy attribute-based KEM (EP-AB-KEM), which we introduce in this thesis. We also present a new EP-AB-KEM with a proof of security assuming generic groups and random oracles. The EP-AB-KEM can be used to instantiate our generic AB-GKE protocol.