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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Multi-Partied Quantum Digital Signature Scheme Without Assumptions On Quantum Channel Security

Mustafa Şahin, İhsan Yılmaz

Published Oct 1, 2016• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this study, we generalized quantum digital signature scheme for three-partied[5] to the multi-partied. Also we analyzed this scheme for repudiation, forgery and colluding adversaries.
DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/766/1/012021

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Quantum digital signatures (QDSs), which are unforgeable, non-repudiable, and transferable, are widely used in quantum communication networks. Unfortunately, previous protocols have often relied on three-party models for security analysis and experimental verification. As the number of parties increases, the number of quantum links required increases exponentially, undoubtedly leading to high channel losses and cost for multi-party QDSs. This study proposes a multi-party ring QDS scheme that can effectively deal with the issue of redundant quantum links. Furthermore, compared with the previously proposed QDS protocols, our protocol can prevent repudiation attacks without symmetry operation or swap test. Hence, it also can reduce the possibility of forging attacks by eliminating the possibility of forgery using illegal strings.
Digital signatures are the building blocks of modern communication to prevent masquerading by any party other than recipients, repudiation by signatory and forgery by any individual recipient. Digital signature scheme is said to be standard if the signature (a) is a pattern depending upon the message to be signed, (b) is built upon some information publically known and unique to the signatory, (c) can be stored by all the recipients. While classical methods provide computational security only, quantum mechanics guarantees information-theoretically secure and standard digital signature schemes. However, standard quantum digital signature schemes are based on quantum one-way functions and hence require long term quantum memory for storing quantum signatures, which is not practically feasible yet. We demonstrate here a standard quantum digital signature scheme by replacing quantum one-way functions with multiparty controlled EPR channels. It allows signatory to generate non-locally correlated quantum signatures, instead of multiple copies of a unique quantum state, and assures security against any individual since others have non-locally correlated information.
Quantum digital signatures (QDSs) promise information-theoretic security against repudiation and forgery of messages. Compared with currently existing three-party QDS protocols, multiparty protocols have unique advantages in the practical case of more than two receivers when sending a mass message. However, complex security analysis, numerous quantum channels and low data utilization efficiency make it intractable to expand three-party to multiparty scenario. Here, based on six-state non-orthogonal encoding protocol, we propose an effective multiparty QDS framework to overcome these difficulties. The number of quantum channels in our protocol only linearly depends on the number of users. The post-matching method is introduced to enhance data utilization efficiency and make it linearly scale with the probability of detection events even for five-party scenario. Our work compensates for the absence of practical multiparty protocols, which paves the way for future QDS networks.
Digital signatures are widely used in electronic communications to secure important tasks such as financial transactions, software updates, and legal contracts. The signature schemes that are in use today are based on public-key cryptography and derive their security from computational assumptions. However, it is possible to construct unconditionally secure signature protocols. In particular, using quantum communication, it is possible to construct signature schemes with security based on fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. Several quantum signature protocols have been proposed, but none of them has been explicitly generalised to more than three participants, and their security goals have not been formally defined. Here, we first extend the security definitions of Swanson and Stinson [1] so that they can apply also to the quantum case, and introduce a formal definition of transferability based on different verification levels. We then prove several properties that multiparty signature protocols with informationtheoretic security – quantum or classical – must satisfy in order to achieve their security goals. We also express two existing quantum signature protocols with three parties in the security framework we have introduced. Finally, we generalize a quantum signature protocol given in [2] to the multiparty case, proving its security against forging, repudiation and non-transferability. Notably, this protocol can be implemented using any pointto-point quantum key distribution network and therefore is ready to be experimentally demonstrated.
Guaranteeing nonrepudiation, unforgeability as well as transferability of a signature is one of the most vital safeguards in today's e-commerce era. Based on fundamental laws of quantum physics, quantum digital signature (QDS) aims to provide information-theoretic security for this cryptographic task. However, up to date, the previously proposed QDS protocols are impractical due to various challenging problems and most importantly, the requirement of authenticated (secure) quantum channels between participants. Here, we present the first quantum digital signature protocol that removes the assumption of authenticated quantum channels while remaining secure against the collective attacks. Besides, our QDS protocol can be practically implemented over more than 100 km under current mature technology as used in quantum key distribution.
Digital signatures are widely used in modern communication to guarantee authenticity and transferability of messages. The security of currently used classical schemes relies on computational assumptions. We present a quantum signature scheme that does not require trusted quantum channels. We prove that it is unconditionally secure against the most general coherent attacks, and show that it requires the transmission of significantly fewer quantum states than previous schemes. We also show that the quantum channel noise threshold for our scheme is less strict than for distilling a secure key using quantum key distribution. This shows that ``direct'' quantum signature schemes can be preferable to signature schemes relying on secret shared keys generated using quantum key distribution.