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International Symposium on Turbo Codes and Iterative Information Processing

Improved PEG construction of large girth QC-LDPC codes

Madiagne Diouf, David Declercq, M.P.C. Fossorier, Samuel Ouya, Bane V. Vasic

Published Sep 1, 2016• 20 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we present an improvement of the PEG algorithm for constructing quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes with large girth. We introduce the concept of PEG-undetectable cycles on the computation tree in the PEG algorithm for QC-LDPC codes and give a predictive method to avoid these undetected cycles. The aim is to select only the candidates that ensure the maximization of local girth for a code of girth g ≥ 10 and thus avoid a posteriori verification after the creation of a new edge i.e. keep the predictive philosophy of the PEG algorithm. The proposed method is applicable to both regular and irregular codes and also protograph type-I codes. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of our method in terms of minimum circulant permutation matrix pminand error performance.

DOI
10.1109/istc.2016.7593094

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In this paper, we present an improvement of the PEG algorithm for constructing quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes with large girth. We introduce the concept of PEG-undetectable cycles on the computation tree in the PEG algorithm for QC-LDPC codes and give a predictive method to avoid these undetected cycles. The aim is to select only the candidates that ensure the maximization of local girth for a code of girth g ≥ 10 and thus avoid a posteriori verification after the creation of a new edge i.e. keep the predictive philosophy of the PEG algorithm. The proposed method is applicable to both regular and irregular codes and also protograph type-I codes. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of our method in terms of minimum circulant permutation matrix pminand error performance.
For a given base graph, the protograph can be obtained by a copy-and-permute procedure. If the permutation is cyclic, the protograph corresponds to a quasi-cyclic (QC) protograph LDPC code. The girth of the QC protograph LDPC code is determined by the girth of the base graph and the permutation shifts. Progressive edge-growth (PEG) construction builds up a Tanner graph, or equivalently a parity-check matrix, for an LDPC code by maximizing the local girth at symbol nodes in a greedy algorithm. In this paper, we introduce a modified version of the PEG algorithm which can construct large girth base graph and determine the optimal permutation shifts, simultaneously, for QC protograph LDPC codes. Simulation results show that the QC protograph LDPC codes constructed by the proposed modified PEG algorithm have good frame error rate (FER) performance over the AWGN channel.
For a given base graph, the lifted graph can be obtained by a copy-and-permute procedure. If the permutation is cyclic, the lifted graph corresponds to a quasi-cyclic (QC) protograph low-density parity-check (LDPC) code. The girth of the QC protograph LDPC code is determined by the girth of the base graph and the permutation shifts. In this paper, we first derive a lower bound on the lifting degree to achieve a large girth lifted graph. Then, motivated by the cycle searching and girth maximizing features of the progressive edge-growth (PEG) algorithm, we introduce the permutation shifts determining (PSD) PEG algorithm, which can construct large girth base graph and determine the optimal permutation shifts, simultaneously. It is shown that the computational complexity of PSD-PEG algorithm is much lower than that of the PEG algorithm and the PEG-QC algorithm for the same codeword length. Furthermore, we show that the PSD-PEG algorithm can also be used to construct nonbinary QC protograph LDPC codes without low weight codes. Simulation results show that the binary and nonbinary QC protograph LDPC codes constructed by the PSD-PEG algorithm have good bit error rate performance and frame error rate performance over the additive white Gaussian noise channel.
Short cycles in the Tanner graph of a given LDPC code has negative effect on the performance of iterative decoding. To improve the performance, we presented an approach for constructing Quasi-Cyclic Low-Density Parity-Check (QC-LDPC) codes whose associated Tanner graph has large girth and a small amount of short cycles. Each column block of the parity check matrix was designed by adding circulant permutation sub-matrices one after another, provided the current parity check matrix has minimal number of short cycles. The condition for the proposed QC-LDPC codes to have girth at least 6 was also analyzed. Regular and irregular QC-LDPC codes with various lengths and rates can be constructed. Simulations show that the proposed QC-LDPC codes have less short cycles and better performance than existing progressive edge growth based QC-LDPC codes.
There have been lots of efforts on the construction of quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes with large girth. However, most of them are focused on protographs with single edges and little research has been done for the construction of QC LDPC codes lifted from protographs with multiple edges. Compared to single-edge protographs, multiple-edge protographs have benefits such that QC LDPC codes lifted from them can potentially have larger minimum Hamming distance. In this paper, all subgraph patterns of multiple-edge protographs, which prevent QC LDPC codes from having large girth by inducing inevitable cycles, are fully investigated based on graph-theoretic approach. By using combinatorial designs, a systematic construction method of multiple-edge protographs is proposed for regular QC LDPC codes with girth at least 12 and also other method is proposed for regular QC LDPC codes with girth at least 14. A construction algorithm of QC LDPC codes by lifting multiple-edge protographs is proposed and it is shown that the resulting QC LDPC codes have larger upper bounds on the minimum Hamming distance than those lifted from single-edge protographs. Simulation results are provided to compare the performance of the proposed QC LDPC codes, the progressive edge-growth (PEG) LDPC codes, and the PEG QC LDPC codes.
We present a simulated annealing method that construct high-girth quasi-cyclic low-density parity check (QC-LDPC) codes. The proposed method is applicable to both regular and irregular protograph codes. The method show improvement in term of minimal circulant size compare with previous described methods: Hill-Climbing and improved PEG. Simulated results are presented to demonstrate performance gain of proposed construction method in error-floor region under base graph 2 (BG2) using 5G eMBB standard length adaption method.
In this paper, we introduce a modified version of the Progressive Edge-Growth (PEG) algorithm that is used to construct the Tanner graphs of quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes having large girth. In our algorithms, we replace certain requirements in the original PEG algorithm, namely the expansion of subgraphs from symbol nodes and the identification of a most distant check node before placing a new edge, by the construction of certain minimal sets, called forbidden sets, that contain the problematic quasi-cyclic constraints that do not let us exceed a given girth. We propose some exponent-selection strategies that are shown to increase the chance of obtaining large girth, and reduce the number of short cycles in the Tanner graph.