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European Quantum Electronics Conference (EQEC)

Two-photon resonant second-harmonic generation from rubidium rydberg atoms

S. S. Vianna, J. W. R. Tabosa, F. A. M. de Oliveira

Published Aug 24, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Second harmonic generation from Rydberg states in rubidium vapor is studied in the absence of a buffer gas and external symmetry breaking dc fields. Measurements of polarization dependence and spatial beam profile show that a laser-induced static-electric-field provides one of the dominatant mechanisms to create the coherent second harmonic beam.

DOI
10.1109/eqec.1994.698485

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Abstract Second harmonic generation from Rydberg states in rubidium vapor is studied in the absence of a buffer gas and external symmetry breaking dc fields. Measurements of polarization dependence and spatial beam profile show that a laser-induced static-electric-field provides one of the dominatant mechanisms to create the coherent second harmonic beam.
Picosecond laser pulses were used to study the highly forbidden resonant second-harmonic generation (SHG) in potassium vapor. The input intensity dependence, vapor density dependence, buffer-gas pressure dependence, and spatial profile of the SHG were measured. A pump–probe experiment was conducted to probe the time dependence of the SHG signal. The experimental results can be understood from an ionization-initiated dc-field-induced SHG model. A theory of a dc-field-induced SHG model is developed that takes into account the time development of the dc electric field in detail. This temporal buildup of the dc field along with transient coherent excitation between two-photon-allowed transitions can explain the experimental results quantitatively, including the previous vapor SHG results with nanosecond laser pulses.
It is shown that optical second-harmonic generation is possible in dispersive atomic vapors since a static electric field is spontaneously created by the fundamental laser beam. When multiphoton ionization of atoms occurs simultaneously in the interaction, the spontaneous field and second-harmonic generation are significantly enhanced. Our experimental results for atomic sodium vapor irradiated by picosecond Nd-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser pulses agree well with the theoretical predictions.
We explore the x-ray second-harmonic generation process induced by resonant two-photon absorption in systems with inversion symmetry. We show that this process becomes allowed in the x-ray region due to nondipole contributions. It is found that, although a plane-wave pump field generates only a longitudinal second-harmonic field, a Gaussian pump beam creates also a radially polarized transverse second-harmonic field which is stronger than the longitudinal one. Contrary to the longitudinal component, the transverse second-harmonic field with zero intensity on the axis of the pump beam can run in free space. Our theory is applied to Ar and Ne atomic vapors and predicts an energy conversion efficiency of x-ray second-harmonic generation of $3.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$ and $1.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}$, respectively.