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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Area dependence of chirped-pulse stimulated Brillouin scattering: implications for stored light and dynamic gratings

Mark Dong, Herbert G. Winful

Published Nov 19, 2015• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Brillouin dynamic gratings have applications ranging from sensing to slow and stored light. When transform-limited pump pulses are used, the grating strength and the efficiency of light storage and retrieval are a periodic function of pulse area and can be zero for areas that are an integer multiple of π. In this paper the dependence of the dynamic grating strength and retrieval efficiency on pulse area is investigated for chirped pulses. It is found that the presence of chirp relaxes the requirement imposed on the pulse area that it be an odd multiple of π/2 for maximum efficiency. Analytical results are presented for the dependence of grating strength on the pulse area for both chirped and unchirped pulses. A comparison is made with the analogous process of adiabatic rapid passage in two-level atomic systems.

DOI
10.1364/josab.32.002514

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Brillouin dynamic gratings have applications ranging from sensing to slow and stored light. When transform-limited pump pulses are used, the grating strength and the efficiency of light storage and retrieval are a periodic function of pulse area and can be zero for areas that are an integer multiple of π. In this paper the dependence of the dynamic grating strength and retrieval efficiency on pulse area is investigated for chirped pulses. It is found that the presence of chirp relaxes the requirement imposed on the pulse area that it be an odd multiple of π/2 for maximum efficiency. Analytical results are presented for the dependence of grating strength on the pulse area for both chirped and unchirped pulses. A comparison is made with the analogous process of adiabatic rapid passage in two-level atomic systems.
Signal processing based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is limited by the narrow linewidth of the optoacoustic response, which confines many Brillouin applications to continuous wave signals or optical pulses longer than several nanoseconds. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate Brillouin interactions at the 150 ps time scale and a delay for a record 15 ns which corresponds to a delay of 100 pulse widths. This breakthrough experimental result was enabled by the high local gain of the chalcogenide waveguides as the optoacoustic interaction length reduces with pulse width. We successfully transfer 150ps-long pulses to traveling acoustic waves within a Brillouin-based memory setup. The information encoded in the optical pulses is stored for 15 ns in the acoustic field. We show the retrieval of eight amplitude levels, multiple consecutive pulses and low distortion in pulse shape. The extension of Brillouin-based storage to the ultra-short pulse regime is an important step for the realisation of practical Brillouin-based delay lines and other optical processing applications.
Abstract Signal processing based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is limited by the narrow linewidth of the optoacoustic response, which confines many Brillouin applications to continuous wave signals or optical pulses longer than several nanoseconds. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate Brillouin interactions at the 150 ps time scale and a delay for a record 15 ns which corresponds to a delay of 100 pulse widths. This breakthrough experimental result was enabled by the high local gain of the chalcogenide waveguides as the optoacoustic interaction length reduces with pulse width. We successfully transfer 150ps-long pulses to traveling acoustic waves within a Brillouin-based memory setup. The information encoded in the optical pulses is stored for 15 ns in the acoustic field. We show the retrieval of eight amplitude levels, multiple consecutive pulses and low distortion in pulse shape. The extension of Brillouin-based storage to the ultra-short pulse regime is an important step for the realisation of practical Brillouin-based delay lines and other optical processing applications.
Abstract Storing or delaying optical signals is of key interest for fundamental research and applications in radar, microwave signal processing, quantum information as well as optical communication systems. Delay systems based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), a coherent interaction between optical and acoustic waves can be implemented in optical fiber or chip-scale platforms, operate at room temperature and can be fully controlled via the optical pump wave. In this article, we review delay and storage techniques based on SBS. We present SBS slow-light, fiber delay lines based on Brillouin dynamic gratings, Brillouin quasi-light storage and Brillouin-based light storage via photon-phonon conversion and compare their performance. In this process, we also include an overview of different platforms used for Brillouin light storage and delay schemes, such as optical fiber, planar soft-glass waveguides, and silica fiber-tip resonators.
We study the dynamics of chirped adiabatic passage (CHIRAP) with temporally delayed pulses to selectively and fully transfer population in atoms and molecules. We show that the transfer of population via stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) and stimulated two-photon adiabatic absorption with temporally delayed laser pulses is not adversely affected by applying a chirp to the pulses, provided the intensity of the laser is sufficiently large to allow adiabatic passage. We then proceed to consider systems in which a near degeneracy of terminal state levels results in nonselective population of the terminal levels using nonchirped STIRAP or two-photon absorption stimulated passage, because the dynamics within the nearly degenerate pair of levels is not adiabatic. However, the CHIRAP process selectively populates only one of the terminal levels.
Different Slow-light systems have been discussed and developed as a powerful tool to reduce the group velocity of optical signals during the last years. It has enjoyed much recent interest because of the potential system applications in optical telecommunication and information systems. Especially the nonlinear effect of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) has become important for fiber based Slow-light systems. But, the SBS also has two challenges. First, the maximum time delay is limited due to the saturation of the Brillouin amplification process and second, the delay of the pulses is accompanied by pulse distortions (pulse shape broadening). For these aspects the shape of the Brillouin spectrum is of special interest. In this article a system is presented which allows the optimisation of the Brillouin spectrum. Simulations and first measurements show how the time delay can be enhanced with a simultaneous reduction of the pulse distortions.