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IEEE photonics journal

Simultaneous All-Optical or and xor Logic Gates Based on the Bimodal Photonic Cavity Containing a Quantum Dot

Han Ye, Shen Ma, Zhongyuan Yu, Yumin Liu, Zhihui Chen

Published Oct 10, 2016• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We theoretically present a design for simultaneous all-optical OR and XOR logic gates based on single quantum dot (QD)-bimodal cavity system working in low-photon-number regime. The coupling between the QD and two degenerate cavity modes establishes new indirect excitation paths. Driven by single pulsed laser, both mode transmissions are observed. The delay between the peaks of the transmitted pulses is regarded as the extra transition interval (ETI) in the indirect path. When driven by two orthogonally polarized pulsed lasers with delay same as ETI, the coupling system suppresses the latter mode transmission due to the destructive interference effect. The OR and XOR logic gates based on presence of light are built and the function can be switched between two detectors by simply adjusting the driving pulse sequence. The results show that the proposed logic gates work well within a large range for coupling strength with comparable cavity decay rate. When taking two nonidealities (the detuning between two cavity modes and nonidentical coupling strengths) into consideration, the proposed system shows acceptable tolerances. Moreover, the robustness of the performance on parameters of the driving lasers, including pulse delay, width of pulse, absolute driving strength, and relative driving strength ratio, are demonstrated.

DOI
10.1109/jphot.2016.2616219

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We theoretically present a design for simultaneous all-optical OR and XOR logic gates based on single quantum dot (QD)-bimodal cavity system working in low-photon-number regime. The coupling between the QD and two degenerate cavity modes establishes new indirect excitation paths. Driven by single pulsed laser, both mode transmissions are observed. The delay between the peaks of the transmitted pulses is regarded as the extra transition interval (ETI) in the indirect path. When driven by two orthogonally polarized pulsed lasers with delay same as ETI, the coupling system suppresses the latter mode transmission due to the destructive interference effect. The OR and XOR logic gates based on presence of light are built and the function can be switched between two detectors by simply adjusting the driving pulse sequence. The results show that the proposed logic gates work well within a large range for coupling strength with comparable cavity decay rate. When taking two nonidealities (the detuning between two cavity modes and nonidentical coupling strengths) into consideration, the proposed system shows acceptable tolerances. Moreover, the robustness of the performance on parameters of the driving lasers, including pulse delay, width of pulse, absolute driving strength, and relative driving strength ratio, are demonstrated.
We propose a new scheme based on quantum dot-bimodal cavity coupling system to realize all-optical switch and logic gates in low-photon-number regime. Suppression of mode transmission due to the destructive interference effect is theoretically demonstrated by driving the cavity with two orthogonally polarized pulsed lasers at certain pulse delay. The transmitted mode can be selected by designing laser pulse sequence. The optical switch with high on-off ratio emerges when considering one driving laser as the control. Moreover, the AND/OR logic gates based on photon polarization are achieved by cascading the coupling system. Both proposed optical switch and logic gates work well in ultra-low energy magnitude. Our work may enable various applications of all-optical computing and quantum information processing.
We numerically demonstrate all-optical logic operations with quantum dots (QDs) embedded in a bimodal photonic-crystal waveguide using Maxwell-Bloch equations in a slowly varying envelope approximation (SVEA). The two-level QD excitation level is controlled by one or more femtojoule optical driving pulses passing through the waveguide. Specific logic operations depend on the relative pulse strengths and their detunings from an inhomogeneouslly broadened (about 1% for QD transitions centered at $1.5\phantom{\rule{0.222222em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}$m) QD transition. This excitation controlled two-level medium then determines passage of subsequent probe optical pulses. Envelope equations for electromagnetic waves in the linear dispersion and cutoff waveguide modes are derived to simplify solution of the coupled Maxwell-Bloch equations in the waveguide. These determine the quantum mechanical evolution of the QD excitation and its polarization, driven by classical electromagnetic (EM) pulses near a sharp discontinuity in the EM density of states of the bimodal waveguide. Different configurations of the driving pulses lead to distinctive relations between driving pulse strength and probe pulse passage, representing all-optical logic and, or, and not operations. Simulation results demonstrate that such operations can be done on picosecond time scales and within a waveguide length of about $10\phantom{\rule{0.222222em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}$m in a photonic-band-gap (PBG) optical microchip.
We demonstrate multiwavelength channel optical logic operations on the Bloch vector of a quantum two-level system in the structured electromagnetic vacuum of a bimodal photonic crystal waveguide. This arises through a bichromatic strong-coupling effect that enables unprecedented control over single quantum-dot (QD) excitation through two beams of ultrashort femtojoule pulses. The second driving pulse (signal) with slightly different frequency and weaker strength than the first (holding) pulse leads to controllable strong modulation of the QD Bloch vector evolution path. This occurs through resonant coupling of the signal pulse with the Mollow sideband transitions created by the holding pulse. The movement of the Mollow sidebands during the passage of the holding pulse leads to an effective chirping in transition frequency seen by the signal. Bloch vector dynamics in the rotating frame of the signal pulse and within the dressed-state basis created by the holding pulse reveals that this chirped coupling between the signal pulse and the Mollow sidebands leads to either augmentation or negation of the final quantum-dot population (after pulse passage) compared to the outcome of the holding pulse alone and depending on the relative frequencies of the pulses. By making use of this extra degree of freedom for ultrafast control of QD excitations, applications in ultrafast all-optical logic and, or, and not gates are proposed in the presence of significant (0.10.10.1) THz nonradiative dephasing and (about 1%) inhomogeneous broadening.
The ability to engineer and convert photons between different modes in a solid-state approach has extensive technological implications not only for classical communication systems but also for future quantum networks. In this paper, we put forward a scheme for coherent mode conversion of optical photons by utilizing the intermediate coupling between a single quantum dot and a bimodal photonic crystal microcavity via a waveguide. Here, one mode of the photonic crystal microcavity is coherently driven by an external single-frequency continuous-wave laser field and the two cavity modes are not coupled to each other due to their orthogonal polarizations. The undriven cavity mode is thus not directly coupled to the input driving laser and the only way it can get light is via the quantum dot. The influences of the system parameters on the photon-conversion efficiency are analyzed in detail in the limit of weak probe field and it is found that high photon-conversion efficiency can be achieved under appropriate conditions. It is shown that the cavity dark mode, which is a superposition of the two optical modes and is decoupled from the quantum dot, can appear in such a hybrid optical system. We discuss the properties of the dark mode and indicate that the formation of the dark mode enables the efficient transfer of optical fields between the two cavity modes.
We theoretically study the dynamics of a strongly coupled quantum dot–bimodal microcavity system under an external magnetic field, where the nondegenerate excitonic spin states caused by the Zeeman effect are coupled to both orthogonal cavity modes. We develop an effective cavity quantum electrodynamics model, demonstrate the polarization-related nonlinear response under a linearly polarized pulse excitation by calculating the time-resolved intracavity photon number, and investigate the dependence of system parameters on the nonlinearity. In addition, we show that, when driven by two pulses with perpendicular polarization and a relative time delay, the coupled system suppresses the delayed one, which can be applied to polarized optical switching at a single-photon level.