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MODIFIED PAULI EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE

S Hussainsha

Published Oct 1, 2016• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The principal objective of this paper is to describe the force of gravity according to the rules of quantum mechanics, and where quantum effects cannot be ignored. The result of this concept modifies Pauli Exclusion Principle so that it is possible to explain Quantum Entanglement in terms of relativity. The result shows Dark Matter is due to Entanglement, and Expansion of Universe is due to generalized Pauli Exclusion Principle (GPEP).

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The principal objective of this paper is to describe the force of gravity according to the rules of quantum mechanics, and where quantum effects cannot be ignored. The result of this concept modifies Pauli Exclusion Principle so that it is possible to explain Quantum Entanglement in terms of relativity. The result shows Dark Matter is due to Entanglement, and Expansion of Universe is due to generalized Pauli Exclusion Principle (GPEP).
The Pauli exclusion principle is one of the pillars of quantum physics. In relativistic quantum field theory it is rooted in the spin–statistics connection and therefore in locality, causal structure and Poincaré covariance. These ingredients may be modified in candidate quantum-gravity scenarios, including noncommutative spacetimes and theories with deformed relativistic symmetries. This opens a low-energy experimental route to test quantum-gravity models through high-sensitivity searches for Pauli-forbidden atomic transitions. We review the conceptual basis, experimental strategy and recent results of the VIP experiments at the INFN Gran Sasso National Laboratory. The distinction between model-independent limits on anomalous X-ray emission, phenomenological limits on the conventional violation probability [Formula: see text], and model-dependent constraints on quantum-spacetime deformation scales is addressed. We discuss the role of the Messiah–Greenberg superselection rule, the complementarity of open- and closed-system searches, and recent field-theoretic developments connecting [Formula: see text]-deformed Poincaré symmetry, quon-like exchange and particle indistinguishability. Finally, we outline how the ongoing VIP-3 measurements across the periodic table, directional configurations and sidereal-time analyses can transform Pauli-principle tests from single-parameter exclusions into a differential program of quantum-gravity phenomenology.
The modern state of the Pauli exclusion principle is shortly discussed. We describe the discovery by Pauli, his principle for electrons, and how it was generalized for all elementary particles in the framework of quantum mechanics. The motivations and theoretical conceptions that induced the experiments for verification of the Pauli exclusion principle are analyzed. The results and methodology of two different types of experiments are discussed: (1) the search of unusual atoms and nuclei in the stable non-Pauli states, and (2) the experiments in which the emitted radiation of non-Pauli transitions is measured. In conclusion, the comments on the discussed experiments that follow from the general quantum mechanical conceptions and group theory are formulated.
While a wide variety of astrophysical and cosmological phenomena suggest the presence of dark matter, all evidence remains via its gravitational effect on the known matter. As such, it is conceivable that this evidence could be explained by a modification to gravitation and/or concepts of inertia. Various formulations of modified gravity exist, each giving rise to several noncanonical outcomes. This motivates us to propose an experiment searching for departures from (quantum) Newtonian predictions in a bipartite setting with gravitational accelerations $\ensuremath{\lesssim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{m}/{\mathrm{s}}^{2}$, i.e., where the effective force needs to be stronger than Newtonian to account for the dark matter effects. Since quantum particles naturally source weak gravitation, their nonrelativistic dynamics offers opportunities to test this small acceleration regime. We show that two nearby mesoscopic quantum masses accumulate significantly larger entanglement in modified gravity models, such as the modified Newtonian dynamics. Our calculations include Casimir-Polder forces as well as tidal effects next to the surface of the Earth, and confirm that entanglement is observable within the limits imposed by environmental decoherence. We demonstrate how the temperature can be fine-tuned such that modified gravity is certified simply by witnessing the entanglement generated from uncorrelated thermal states, eliminating the need for precise noise characterization. Overall, the required parameters could be realized in a tabletop experiment.
Abstract The exclusion principle is one of the most far-reaching theorems in physics. In a telegram to the Nobel committee, quoted in [1], Einstein wrote: ‘Nominate Wolfgang Pauli for physics prize stop his contributions to modern quantum theory consisting of so-called Pauli or exclusion principle became fundamental part of modern physics being independent from other basic axioms of that theory stop Albert Einstein.’ It is interesting to note that quantum mechanics, the theory Einstein alluded to, was formulated a little after the Pauli principle.
The Pauli Exclusion Principle is a basic principle of Quantum Mechanics, and its validity has never been seriously challenged. However, given its fundamental standing, it is very important to check it as thoroughly as possible. Here we describe the VIP (VIolation of the Pauli exclusion principle) experiment, an improved version of the Ramberg and Snow experiment (E. Ramberg and G. Snow, Phys. Lett. B238, 438 (1990)); VIP has just completed the installation at the Gran Sasso underground laboratory, and aims to test the Pauli Exclusion Principle for electrons with unprecedented accuracy, down to β2/2 ≈ 10-30 - 10-31. We report preliminary experimental results and briefly discuss some of the implications of a possible violation.