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Chinese Physics Letters

The Coherence of a Dipolar Condensate in a Harmonic Potential Superimposed to a Deep Lattice

Long Wang, Zi-Fa Yu, Ju-Kui Xue

Published Jun 1, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Within the mean-field model, the coherent matter waves of a dipolar condensate in a harmonic potential superimposed to a deep lattice are investigated by the variational principle. It is shown that, in a harmonic potential superimposed to a deep lattice, it is possible to control the decoherence of Bloch oscillations due to the fact that the on-site and the inter-site dipolar interactions can not only damp out Bloch oscillations but also maintain long-lived Bloch oscillations under the certain condition. In particular, long-lived Bloch oscillations of dipolar condensate can be realized when the dipolar interaction, the contact interaction, the frequency of the harmonic potential and initial width of the wave packet satisfy an analytical condition. Thus the decoherence of Bloch oscillation can be controlled by adjusting the dipolar interaction, the contact interaction, the frequency of harmonic potential and the initial width of the wave packet.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/32/6/060304

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Within the mean-field model, the coherent matter waves of a dipolar condensate in a harmonic potential superimposed to a deep lattice are investigated by the variational principle. It is shown that, in a harmonic potential superimposed to a deep lattice, it is possible to control the decoherence of Bloch oscillations due to the fact that the on-site and the inter-site dipolar interactions can not only damp out Bloch oscillations but also maintain long-lived Bloch oscillations under the certain condition. In particular, long-lived Bloch oscillations of dipolar condensate can be realized when the dipolar interaction, the contact interaction, the frequency of the harmonic potential and initial width of the wave packet satisfy an analytical condition. Thus the decoherence of Bloch oscillation can be controlled by adjusting the dipolar interaction, the contact interaction, the frequency of harmonic potential and the initial width of the wave packet.
The coherent matter waves of a dipolar condensate in deep two-dimensional (2D) tilted and nontilted optical lattices are studied both analytically and numerically. It is shown that, in tilted lattices, by properly designing the sign and the magnitude of the contact interaction and the dipolar interaction, it is possible to control the decoherence of Bloch oscillations. Contrary to the usual short-range interacting Bose system, long-lived Bloch oscillations of the dipolar condensate are achieved when the dipolar interaction, the contact interaction, and the lattice dimension satisfy an analytical condition. Furthermore, we predict that, in untilted lattices, stable coherent 2D moving soliton and breather states of the dipolar condensate exist. This fact is very different from the purely short-range interacting Bose system (where the moving soliton cannot be stabilized in high-dimensional lattices). The dipolar interaction can lead to some novel phenomena that can not appear in short-range interacting BEC system.
Atomic interaction leads to dephasing and damping of Bloch oscillations (BOs) in optical lattices, which limits observation and applications of BOs. How to obtain persistent BOs is particularly important. Here, the nonlinear Bloch dynamics of the Bose–Einstein condensate with two-body and three-body interactions in deep optical lattices is studied. The damping rate induced by interactions is obtained. The damping induced by two-body interaction plays a dominant role, while the damping induced by three-body interaction is weak. However, when the two-body and three-body interactions satisfy a threshold, long-lived coherent BOs are observed. Furthermore, the Bloch dynamics with periodical modulation of linear force is studied. The frequencies of linear force corresponding to resonance and pseudoresonance are obtained, and rich dynamical phenomena, i.e., stable and strong BOs, drifting and dispersion of wave packet, are predicted. The controllable Bloch dynamics is provided with the periodic modulation of the linear force.
We study super--Bloch oscillations of ultracold atoms in a shaken lattice potential, subjected to a harmonically modulated mean-field interaction. Usually, any interaction leads to the decay of the wave packet and its super--Bloch oscillation. Here, we use the phases of interaction and shaking with respect to the free Bloch oscillation as control parameters. We find two types of long-living cases: (i) suppression of the immediate broadening of the wave packet, and (ii) dynamical stability of all degrees of freedom. The latter relies on the rather robust symmetry argument of cyclic time [Gaul et al., Phys. Rev. A 84, 053627 (2011)].
We study the stabilization properties of dipolar Bose–Einstein condensate in a deep one-dimensional optical lattice with an additional external parametrically modulated harmonic trap potential. Through both analytical and numerical methods, we solve a dimensionless nonlocal nonlinear discrete Gross–Pitaevskii equation with both the short-range contact interaction and the long-range dipole–dipole interaction. It is shown that, the stability of dipolar condensate in modulated deep optical lattice can be controled by coupled effects of the contact interaction, the dipolar interaction and the external modulation. The system can be stabilized when the dipolar interaction, the contact interaction, the average strength of potential and the ratio of amplitude to frequency of the modulation satisfy a critical condition. In addition, the breather state, the diffused state and the attractive-interaction-induced-trapped state are predicted. The dipolar interaction and the external modulation of the lattice play important roles in stabilizing the condensate.
Abstract We study the ground state and the Bloch oscillations of the spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates in one-dimensional deep optical lattices. The phase transition between the zero-momentum phase and the plane-wave phase in untilted deep optical lattices is studied analytically. The Bloch oscillations in tilted lattices started in different ground state phases are analyzed. It is found that the Bloch dynamics is harmonic (anharmonic) in the zero-momentum phase (plane-wave phase). Furthermore, the modification of the Bloch oscillations induced by spin-orbit coupling, tunnelling coefficient and the external force (the inclination of the tilt) is revealed. In addition, the analytical condition for emerging the long-lived Bloch oscillations is obtained and the corresponding diagram in parameter space is provided. Particularly, we find that the spin-orbit coupling can extend the duration of the Bloch oscillations in the plane-wave phase. We provide an effective method to manipulate the Bloch dynamics in the deep optical lattices.
We study the Bloch oscillations (BOs) of two-component Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) trapped in spin-dependent optical lattices. Based on the derived equations of motion of the wave packet in the basis of localized wave functions of the lattice sites, the damping effect induced by the intercomponent and intracomponent interactions to the BOs is explored analytically and numerically. We also show that such damping of the BOs can be suppressed entirely if all the atom-atom interactions are modulated synchronously and harmonically in time with suitable frequency via the Feshbach resonance. When the intercomponent and the intracomponent interactions have inverse signs, we find that the long-living BOs and even the revival of the BOs can be achieved via only statically modulating the configuration of optical lattices. The results provide a valuable guidance for achieving long-living BOs in the two-component BEC system by the Feshbach resonances and manipulating the configuration of the optical lattices.