Chip-integrated photon-pair sources based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) have emerged as a promising solution for scalable quantum light generation. Thin-film lithium tantalate (TFLT) is a compelling
χ(2) platform, combining strong nonlinearity with a high optical-damage threshold, weak photorefractive response, and ferroelectricity that enables quasi-phase matching. However, SPDC-based photon-pair generation on TFLT has not yet been demonstrated. Here, we combine high-quality periodic poling with low-loss nanophotonic waveguides to realize photon-pair sources on TFLT in both traveling-wave and resonant configurations. In periodically poled straight waveguides, we achieve broadband photon-pair generation with high efficiency (
2.1 GHz mW−1) and coincidence-to-accidental ratio (up to
3.8×105). We further confirm high-purity single-photon operation via heralded second-order correlation (
gH(2)(0)=0.0018±0.0002) and high-fidelity time-energy entanglement through Franson interference (visibility of
98.9±0.5%). In periodically poled racetrack resonators, we map out a broad quantum frequency comb spanning the telecom C- and L-bands. By isolating individual frequency-correlated pairs, we measure a high spectral brightness of
11 GHz mW−1 GHz−1. These results are competitive with the state of the art across
χ(2) integrated platforms, positioning TFLT as a strong contender for integrated quantum light sources, with applications in wavelength-multiplexed quantum communications and photonic quantum information processing.