Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications

Secure Transmission in Cognitive Satellite Terrestrial Networks

Kang An, Min Lin, Jian Ouyang, Wei‐Ping Zhu

Published Oct 5, 2016• 379 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper investigates the physical layer security of a satellite network, whose downlink spectral resource is shared with a terrestrial cellular network. We propose to employ a multi-antenna base station (BS) as a source of green interference to enhance secure transmission in the satellite network. By taking the mutual interference between these two networks into account, we first formulate a constrained optimization problem to maximize the instantaneous rate of the terrestrial user while satisfying the interference probability constraint of the satellite user. Then, with the assumption that imperfect channel state information (CSI) and statistical CSI of the link between the BS and satellite user are available at the BS, we present two beamforming (BF) schemes, namely, hybrid zero-forcing and partial zero-forcing to solve the optimization problem and obtain the BF weight vectors in a closed form. Moreover, we analyze the secrecy performance of primary satellite network by considering two practical scenarios, namely: Scenario I, the eavesdroppers CSI is unknown at the satellite and Scenario II, the eavesdroppers CSI is known at the satellite. Specifically, we derive the analytical expressions for the secrecy outage probability for Scenario I and the average secrecy rate for Scenario II. Finally, numerical results are provided to confirm the superiority of the proposed BF schemes and the validity of the performance analysis, as well as demonstrate the impacts of various parameters on the secrecy performance of the satellite network.

DOI
10.1109/jsac.2016.2615261

Related papers

Secure Beamforming for Cognitive Satellite Terrestrial Networks With Unknown Eavesdroppers

Zhi Lin, Min Lin, Benoı̂t Champagne +2 more

This article proposes a beamforming (BF) scheme for a cognitive satellite terrestrial network, where the base station (BS) and a cooperative terminal (CT) are exploited as green interference resources to enhance the system security performance in the presence of unknown eavesdroppers. Different from the related works, we assume that only imperfect channel information of the mobile user (MU) and earth station (ES) is available. Specifically, we formulate an optimization problem with the objective to degrade the possible wiretap channels within the private signal beampattern region, while imposing constraints on the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the MU, the interference level of the ES and the total transmit power budget of the BS and CT. To solve this mathematically intractable problem, we propose a joint artificial noise generation and cooperative jamming BF scheme to suppress the interception. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed BF scheme are confirmed through computer simulations.

IEEE Systems Journal•Apr 20, 2020•102 citations

Secure Beamforming and Artificial Noise Algorithms in Cognitive Satellite-Terrestrial Networks With Multiple Eavesdroppers

Weixin Lu, Tao Liang, Kang An +1 more

In this paper, we study the secure beamforming (BF) and artificial noise (AN) techniques for a cognitive satellite-terrestrial network, where a satellite system termed as the primary network under the interception of multiple unauthorized eavesdroppers shares the spectrum of resources with multi-cell secondary terrestrial networks. The design objective is to minimize the total transmit power on board the satellite and multiple terrestrial base stations (BSs) while meeting the secrecy rate constraint of the primary satellite user along with the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio constraints of secondary terrestrial users. When exact channel state information at the satellite and terrestrial BS is perfectly known, a zero-forcing scheme is first presented to obtain a sub-optimal solution with low complexity. Next, we propose a semi-definite relaxation-based iterative algorithm together with a golden section search method to achieve the optimal solution. Moreover, a joint BF and AN scheme is further explored to provide the additional degree-of-freedom against illegitimate eavesdropping. Eventually, numerical simulations are given to confirm the validity of the proposed schemes as well as the performance improvements compared with the existing approaches.

IEEE Access•Jan 1, 2018•21 citations

Secure Cognitive Satellite-Terrestrial Networks: From Adaptive Eavesdropper Perspective

Xiao Feng Jiang, Peishun Yan, Bin Li +4 more

This paper investigates the physical layer security for a cognitive satellite-terrestrial Internet-of-Things (IoT) network where a secondary base station (BS) communicates with multiple secondary users (Us) in the presence of an adaptive eavesdropper, which performs eavesdropping when the channel quality of the eavesdropping link is good and performs jamming otherwise. We consider a real situation where mutual interference exists between primary and secondary networks. Considering multiple secondary users available, we propose suboptimal user scheduling and optimal scheduling schemes to improve the secure transmission of BS-Us. Specifically, a user that maximizes the secrecy capacity of the system will be selected in the optimal scheduling scheme, which assumes that the channel state information (CSI) of all links is available. By contrast, the suboptimal scheduling scheme only knows the main links’ CSI, so the user maximizing the CSI of the main links is chosen. We derive the exact and asymptotic closed-form secrecy outage probability expressions for suboptimal and optimal scheduling schemes. For comparison, we also obtain the exact and asymptotic closed-form secrecy outage probability expressions for round-robin scheme. Numerical results show that the suboptimal and optimal user scheduling schemes perform better than round-robin user scheduling scheme in terms of secrecy outage probability. In addition, the secrecy performance of proposed suboptimal and optimal schemes can be improved by increasing the number of secondary users.

IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking•Nov 10, 2025•4 citations

Resource Allocations for Secure Cognitive Satellite-Terrestrial Networks

Bin Li, Zesong Fei, Xiaoming Xu +1 more

In this letter, we investigate the secure transmission in a cognitive satellite-terrestrial network with a multi-antennas eavesdropper, where the interference from terrestrial base station is introduced to enhance security of the satellite link. Our objective is to minimize the transmit power by jointly optimizing the cooperative beamforming and artificial noise while guaranteeing the secrecy rate constraint for satellite link, the information rate constraint for terrestrial link and the total transmit power constraint. Both scenarios of the perfect and imperfect channel cases are considered. The resulting optimization problems are non-convex and challenging, which are efficiently solved via certain transformations to be reformulated more tractable versions, respectively. Numerical results are provided to corroborate the proposed schemes.

arXiv:1707.01351•IEEE Wireless Communications Letters•Sep 21, 2017•88 citations

Secrecy Outage Analysis of Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Relay Networks

Xiangshuai Tao, Qingquan Huang, Chunyan Yin +3 more

This paper addresses the secure transmission problem of an integrated satellite-terrestrial relay networks (ISTRN), where multiple malicious eavesdroppers attempt to overhear the confidential signals from the satellite to a terrestrial user. Here, the relay is employed with multiple antenna and the decode-and-forward protocol is used. By supposing that the perfect instantaneous channel state information (CSI) of satellite-relay link and the statistical CSI of relay-user and relay-eavesdropper links are available at the relay, an optimization problem is first formulated to maximize the secrecy rate of the ISTRN. Then, the secure transmission scheme is designed to solve the optimization problem and obtain the closed-form beamforming weight vector. To further insight the secrecy performance of the proposed scheme, we derive the analytical expressions of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) of the considered ISTRN, where the satellite-relay link undergoes the shadowed-Rician fading, and the links of relay to user as well as eavesdroppers undergo the correlated Rayleigh fading. Finally, numerical results are given to confirm the superiority of the proposed scheme and the validity of the SOP analysis.

Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC)•Nov 1, 2018•2 citations

Robust Secure Beamforming for the Downlink of Multibeam Satellite Communications

Shengjie Xiao, Zining Wang, Bai Zhao +3 more

This paper investigates the physical layer security (PLS) of a multibeam satellite communication system where the satellite transmits the private signal to a legitimate user (LU) which is intercepted by multiple eavesdroppers (Eves). By considering the imperfect channel state information (CSI) of Eve channels, we formulate the constrained problem to maximize the LU achievable secrecy rate (ASR) subject to secrecy rate outage probability constraint, the total satellite transmit power constraint and the LU rate constraint. Firstly, we adopt golden section method to transform the difficult original problem into a series easier sub-problem. Then, considering the nonconvex of sub-problem, we employ Bernstein inequality and semidefinite programming (SDP) to transform the sub-problem into solvable one. Then, we use standard software package to get the optimal beamforming (BF) weight vector through an iterative penalty-based algorithm. Finally, simulation results confirm the superiority and robustness of the designed BF scheme.

Cross Strait Radio Science and Wireless Technology Conference (CSRSWTC)•Dec 13, 2020•1 citation
This paper investigates the physical layer security of a satellite network, whose downlink spectral resource is shared with a terrestrial cellular network. We propose to employ a multi-antenna base station (BS) as a source of green interference to enhance secure transmission in the satellite network. By taking the mutual interference between these two networks into account, we first formulate a constrained optimization problem to maximize the instantaneous rate of the terrestrial user while satisfying the interference probability constraint of the satellite user. Then, with the assumption that imperfect channel state information (CSI) and statistical CSI of the link between the BS and satellite user are available at the BS, we present two beamforming (BF) schemes, namely, hybrid zero-forcing and partial zero-forcing to solve the optimization problem and obtain the BF weight vectors in a closed form. Moreover, we analyze the secrecy performance of primary satellite network by considering two practical scenarios, namely: Scenario I, the eavesdroppers CSI is unknown at the satellite and Scenario II, the eavesdroppers CSI is known at the satellite. Specifically, we derive the analytical expressions for the secrecy outage probability for Scenario I and the average secrecy rate for Scenario II. Finally, numerical results are provided to confirm the superiority of the proposed BF schemes and the validity of the performance analysis, as well as demonstrate the impacts of various parameters on the secrecy performance of the satellite network.
This article proposes a beamforming (BF) scheme for a cognitive satellite terrestrial network, where the base station (BS) and a cooperative terminal (CT) are exploited as green interference resources to enhance the system security performance in the presence of unknown eavesdroppers. Different from the related works, we assume that only imperfect channel information of the mobile user (MU) and earth station (ES) is available. Specifically, we formulate an optimization problem with the objective to degrade the possible wiretap channels within the private signal beampattern region, while imposing constraints on the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the MU, the interference level of the ES and the total transmit power budget of the BS and CT. To solve this mathematically intractable problem, we propose a joint artificial noise generation and cooperative jamming BF scheme to suppress the interception. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed BF scheme are confirmed through computer simulations.
In this paper, we study the secure beamforming (BF) and artificial noise (AN) techniques for a cognitive satellite-terrestrial network, where a satellite system termed as the primary network under the interception of multiple unauthorized eavesdroppers shares the spectrum of resources with multi-cell secondary terrestrial networks. The design objective is to minimize the total transmit power on board the satellite and multiple terrestrial base stations (BSs) while meeting the secrecy rate constraint of the primary satellite user along with the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio constraints of secondary terrestrial users. When exact channel state information at the satellite and terrestrial BS is perfectly known, a zero-forcing scheme is first presented to obtain a sub-optimal solution with low complexity. Next, we propose a semi-definite relaxation-based iterative algorithm together with a golden section search method to achieve the optimal solution. Moreover, a joint BF and AN scheme is further explored to provide the additional degree-of-freedom against illegitimate eavesdropping. Eventually, numerical simulations are given to confirm the validity of the proposed schemes as well as the performance improvements compared with the existing approaches.
This paper investigates the physical layer security for a cognitive satellite-terrestrial Internet-of-Things (IoT) network where a secondary base station (BS) communicates with multiple secondary users (Us) in the presence of an adaptive eavesdropper, which performs eavesdropping when the channel quality of the eavesdropping link is good and performs jamming otherwise. We consider a real situation where mutual interference exists between primary and secondary networks. Considering multiple secondary users available, we propose suboptimal user scheduling and optimal scheduling schemes to improve the secure transmission of BS-Us. Specifically, a user that maximizes the secrecy capacity of the system will be selected in the optimal scheduling scheme, which assumes that the channel state information (CSI) of all links is available. By contrast, the suboptimal scheduling scheme only knows the main links’ CSI, so the user maximizing the CSI of the main links is chosen. We derive the exact and asymptotic closed-form secrecy outage probability expressions for suboptimal and optimal scheduling schemes. For comparison, we also obtain the exact and asymptotic closed-form secrecy outage probability expressions for round-robin scheme. Numerical results show that the suboptimal and optimal user scheduling schemes perform better than round-robin user scheduling scheme in terms of secrecy outage probability. In addition, the secrecy performance of proposed suboptimal and optimal schemes can be improved by increasing the number of secondary users.
In this letter, we investigate the secure transmission in a cognitive satellite-terrestrial network with a multi-antennas eavesdropper, where the interference from terrestrial base station is introduced to enhance security of the satellite link. Our objective is to minimize the transmit power by jointly optimizing the cooperative beamforming and artificial noise while guaranteeing the secrecy rate constraint for satellite link, the information rate constraint for terrestrial link and the total transmit power constraint. Both scenarios of the perfect and imperfect channel cases are considered. The resulting optimization problems are non-convex and challenging, which are efficiently solved via certain transformations to be reformulated more tractable versions, respectively. Numerical results are provided to corroborate the proposed schemes.
This paper addresses the secure transmission problem of an integrated satellite-terrestrial relay networks (ISTRN), where multiple malicious eavesdroppers attempt to overhear the confidential signals from the satellite to a terrestrial user. Here, the relay is employed with multiple antenna and the decode-and-forward protocol is used. By supposing that the perfect instantaneous channel state information (CSI) of satellite-relay link and the statistical CSI of relay-user and relay-eavesdropper links are available at the relay, an optimization problem is first formulated to maximize the secrecy rate of the ISTRN. Then, the secure transmission scheme is designed to solve the optimization problem and obtain the closed-form beamforming weight vector. To further insight the secrecy performance of the proposed scheme, we derive the analytical expressions of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) of the considered ISTRN, where the satellite-relay link undergoes the shadowed-Rician fading, and the links of relay to user as well as eavesdroppers undergo the correlated Rayleigh fading. Finally, numerical results are given to confirm the superiority of the proposed scheme and the validity of the SOP analysis.
This paper investigates the physical layer security (PLS) of a multibeam satellite communication system where the satellite transmits the private signal to a legitimate user (LU) which is intercepted by multiple eavesdroppers (Eves). By considering the imperfect channel state information (CSI) of Eve channels, we formulate the constrained problem to maximize the LU achievable secrecy rate (ASR) subject to secrecy rate outage probability constraint, the total satellite transmit power constraint and the LU rate constraint. Firstly, we adopt golden section method to transform the difficult original problem into a series easier sub-problem. Then, considering the nonconvex of sub-problem, we employ Bernstein inequality and semidefinite programming (SDP) to transform the sub-problem into solvable one. Then, we use standard software package to get the optimal beamforming (BF) weight vector through an iterative penalty-based algorithm. Finally, simulation results confirm the superiority and robustness of the designed BF scheme.