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Progress toward a negative refractive index in an atomic system: Spectroscopy and simulations of a rare-earth doped crystal

Zach J. Simmons

Published Jan 1, 2015• 0 citations
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The quantum coherent left handness of Λ-type four level system in Er3+：YAlO3 crystal

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We first calculated the negative refractive index on the solid Er3+：YAlO3 crystal with a Λ-type four-level scheme proposed for atomic vapour by Thommen and Mandel and Kastel using quantum interference and electromagnetically induced transparency （EIT）. It is shown that the frequency band with the negative index is wider （～1 MHz） than that reported previously. Usually，Im［n］ is always positive，corresponding to absorption，and the ratio of refraction to absorption，|Re［n］/Im［n］|，is only of the order of unity. In our case the ratio |Re［n］/Im［n］|=4.6，which indicates that the absorption has been well suppressed by EIT approach. The negative Im［n］ may be related to the stimulated emission of 4I13/2→4I15/2 of rare earth ion Er3+. It indicates that the rare earth ion doped material with abundant energy levels and various electric and magnetic transitions is an outstanding and practical candidate for electromagnetically induced negative refractive index material.

Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2009•3 citations

Towards a Negative Refractive Index in an Atomic System

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The electromagnetically induced negative refractive index in the Er3+:YAlO3crystal

Chunxu Liu, Jisen Zhang, Junye Liu +1 more

We carried out the negative refractive index in the solid medium Er3+:YAlO3 crystal with a Λ-type four-level scheme proposed for atomic vapour by Thommen and Mandel, and Kastel (Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006 96 053601 and 2007 98 069301) based on quantum interference and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The results show that the frequency band with the negative index is much wider (~1 MHz) than reported previously. Usually, Im[n] is always positive, corresponding to absorption, and the figure of merit (FOM, the ratio of real to imaginary, namely |Re[n]/Im[n]|) is only on the order of unity. We achieve FOM = |Re[n]/Im[n]| = 4.6. The corresponding negative Im[n] is related to the stimulated emission of 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 of the rare earth ion Er3+ under external electromagnetic fields. It is concluded that the rare earth ion doped material with abundant energy levels and various electric and magnetic transitions is an outstanding and practical candidate for the electromagnetically induced negative refractive index material.

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Apr 21, 2009•12 citations
We first calculated the negative refractive index on the solid Er3+：YAlO3 crystal with a Λ-type four-level scheme proposed for atomic vapour by Thommen and Mandel and Kastel using quantum interference and electromagnetically induced transparency （EIT）. It is shown that the frequency band with the negative index is wider （～1 MHz） than that reported previously. Usually，Im［n］ is always positive，corresponding to absorption，and the ratio of refraction to absorption，|Re［n］/Im［n］|，is only of the order of unity. In our case the ratio |Re［n］/Im［n］|=4.6，which indicates that the absorption has been well suppressed by EIT approach. The negative Im［n］ may be related to the stimulated emission of 4I13/2→4I15/2 of rare earth ion Er3+. It indicates that the rare earth ion doped material with abundant energy levels and various electric and magnetic transitions is an outstanding and practical candidate for electromagnetically induced negative refractive index material.
We carried out the negative refractive index in the solid medium Er3+:YAlO3 crystal with a Λ-type four-level scheme proposed for atomic vapour by Thommen and Mandel, and Kastel (Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006 96 053601 and 2007 98 069301) based on quantum interference and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The results show that the frequency band with the negative index is much wider (~1 MHz) than reported previously. Usually, Im[n] is always positive, corresponding to absorption, and the figure of merit (FOM, the ratio of real to imaginary, namely |Re[n]/Im[n]|) is only on the order of unity. We achieve FOM = |Re[n]/Im[n]| = 4.6. The corresponding negative Im[n] is related to the stimulated emission of 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 of the rare earth ion Er3+ under external electromagnetic fields. It is concluded that the rare earth ion doped material with abundant energy levels and various electric and magnetic transitions is an outstanding and practical candidate for the electromagnetically induced negative refractive index material.