Physics World

Key to the quantum industry

Andrew J. Shields, Zhiliang L. Yuan

Published Mar 1, 2007• 28 citations

Abstract

Quantum mechanics is playing an important role in the security of encrypted messages through quantum cryptography. Cryptography is an important part of the computer and communication networks that protects data in many fields such as business e-mails, bank transactions, and Internet shopping. The information is kept secret using a mathematical formula called as encryption algorithm, with a secret key that the sender uses to scrabble a message in such form that is not understood by anyone other, the recipient then uses the same key in the form of along binary number with a detection algorithm to read the message. The secure bit rate decreases with the rate of the optical link due to scattering of the photons from the fiber, and the best performance is achieved by with a wavelength of 1.55μm at which the standard optical fiber is transparent. Companies are using the high width optical connections between the offices, data centers, server farms, and disaster recovery sites for safety.

DOI: 10.1088/2058-7058/20/3/29

Related papers

- Quantum Cryptography

S. Rajasekar, R. Velusamy

Users of communication channels wish to have their transactions secured. Therefore, it is necessary to develop techniques which can ensure that eavesdroppers cannot intercept the messages transmitted. The technology concerned with the secure communication of data is termed as cryptography [1-3]. It is the art of hiding information in the form of a string of bits to an unauthorized party. To achieve this goal, in a classical cryptography system the message bits are combined with random bits of equal length called a key. The combined data is known as cryptogram. This technique is called encryption. A key can be public or private. The public key is to encode plaintext, while the private key is for decoding the previously encoded plaintext or cryptogram. The cryptogram is generally sent through the communication channel. Because of the randomness of the key the encoded message is completely random. Consequently, the message is untraceable to an eavesdropper. The safety of the transmission completely depends on the safety of the key. Therefore, the key should be kept secret by the users.

CRC Press eBooksDec 10, 20140 citations

QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY: PRINCIPLES, PROBLEMS, AND PROSPECTS

Ілля Геннадійович Калюжний

Quantum cryptography is a relatively new but promising method for secure data transmission. Today it is believed that it can ensure the absolute secrecy of data, resulting from the principles of quantum physics, on which it is based, namely the uncertainty principle of quantum Heisenberg. According to this principle cannot measure any aspect of photons without distorting thus irrevocably different option. That is the recipient of a message knows when attempting invasion in this necessarily knows.To create a quantum communication channel often use fiber optic lines or open space in which carriers serve single photons or pairs of entangled photons are often used.Three tasks facing cryptography are:1. Ensuring the confidentiality of messages sent via open communication channels.2. Authentication messages that confirm the validity of the information received and sent.3. Installing intrusion in fact, if it took place.Given the importance of information security, quantum cryptography technology will soon be available not only banks or large corporations but also individuals. Leading IT companies are in search of optimum circuit solutions that would produce industrial equipment for the transmission of confidential information available for mass use. The main obstacles for implementation of quantum cryptography methods are short distances, which can transmit information with modern facilities, high cost and cumbersome equipment. To solve these problems prompted the idea of creating a hybrid air-fiber system using satellite communications is proposed. The use of artificial satellites for the transmission of photons through the air opens the possibility of secret key clients in any part of the Earth and even beyond.It is also appropriate to review the possibility of using existing telecommunication and electrical networks for the transmission of quantum keys. The ideas p presented in the paper, open new space for scientific experiments.

Information systems mechanics and controlNov 7, 20151 citation

A Review on Quantum Cryptography Technology

Piya Techateerawat

Nowadays, the information is exchanged among the computer network. These data and information are involved in business, military, academic education, research and etc. which are shared around the world in both private and public network. Since, many categories of data are required restriction on authorization of access, modify, delete and insert, security in communication is increasingly important to the network communication. Currently, computer security applies mathematic theory to computer security for encrypting and decrypting on both sender and receiver. To use security attack with high performance computer (e.g. quantum computer), attacker can find a key and then obtains the data in feasible period. Quantum cryptography is one of the solutions that use property of polarization to ensure that transmitted data is not trapped by eavesdropper. Quantum cryptography is improved significantly in the last decades including the most two dominant protocol BB84 and BB92.

International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & TechnologiesJan 1, 20107 citations

Quantum Cryptography

Shashi Bhushan

In today’s world, security in data communication has become a top-most priority in every organization. In general, cryptography is defined as the methodology to ensure data is secure by employing suitable encryption and decryption techniques. On the transmitter side, the original message is encrypted using a key. Then the encrypted data is decrypted with the duplicate key at the receiver side as per the accepted protocol between the two parties. In conventional cryptographic techniques, eavesdropping is prevented from accessing the contents of encrypted message by employing certain mathematical function and techniques, but this security methodology does not guarantee any key security. In many scenarios, a secure communication link is established by using a key, but a third party with a bad intent may steal the session keys, giving rise to data security, getting compromised. So in this regard, quantum cryptography is a better alternative when it comes to data security integrity. In this research, a detail about quantum cryptography is elaborated on, and also discussed are various concepts like single photon protocol, loss of data in quantum computing, how quantum is affecting computer communication systems. In conventional cryptographic methodology of data transmission and reception, there is always a probability of eavesdropping leading to the compromising of data integrity and security. The solution to this problem can be obtained by integrating the quantum cryptographic technique with data at the sender as well as the receiver, to detect and minimize various errors by employing suitable bit error scheme. This involves the usage of programming language specific to quantum computing like qcl and quipper to achieve efficient encryption and decryption with faster processing capability.

CRC Press eBooksJun 14, 20222 citations

Secure communications using quantum cryptography

Richard Hughes, W. T. Buttler, Paul G. Kwiat +5 more

The secure distribution of the secret random bit sequences known as `key' material, is an essential precursor to their use for the encryption and decryption of confidential communications. Quantum cryptography is an emerging technology for secure key distribution with single-photon transmissions: Heisenburg's uncertainty principle ensures that an adversary can neither successfully tap the key transmissions, nor evade detection (eavesdropping raises the key error rate above a threshold value). We have developed experimental quantum cryptography systems based on the transmission of non-orthogonal single-photon states to generate shared key material over multi-kilometer optical fiber paths and over line-of-sight links. In both cases, key material is built up using the transmission of a single- photon per bit of an initial secret random sequence. A quantum-mechanically random subset of this sequence is identified, becoming the key material after a data reconciliation stage with the sender. In our optical fiber experiment we have performed quantum key distribution over 24-km of underground optical fiber using single-photon interference states, demonstrating that secure, real-time key generation over `open' multi-km node-to-node optical fiber communications links is possible.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIEJul 1, 199724 citations

Quantum Cryptography: Advancements and Applications in Securing Networking Systems

Mohan Garg, Kambam Vedantan, I. Rexiline Sheeba +3 more

Quantum cryptography is an advanced technology that applies the principles of quantum mechanics to provide secure communication networks. Quantum crypto differs from other forms of cryptographic security that rely on mathematical theory because this allows quantum mechanics, the uncertainty principle and entanglement to enhance secure communication. Quantum cryptography has made significant progress recently and can effectively be used for networking system protection. Such advancement is the quantum key distribution protocol, where two parties generate the secret key to secure communication completely unshakable by any third party. One more advancement is the use of quantum teleportation, which allows transferring information between distant quantum systems without physically moving there. These developments have provided abundant opportunities for applications of quantum cryptography to secure networking systems. It helps maintain the secure transmission of sensitive information online or protects financial transactions and government and military communications. Quantum cryptography can also be used for secure authentication and access control, useful in cross-industry applications. Quantum cryptography is the best technology for implementing secure networking systems; thanks to its crypt-like harmony, it can be integrated into the most insecure networks with very rare error rates.

International Conference on Networks and Cryptology (NETCRYPT)May 29, 20250 citations