Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Physics Letters B

There are no quantum jumps, nor are there particles!

H. D. Zeh

Published Jan 1, 1992• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

Abstract: Quantum theory does not require the existence of discontinuities: neither in time (quantum jumps), nor in space (particles), nor in spacetime (quantum events). These apparent discontinuities are readily described objectively by the continuous process of decoherence occurring locally on a very short time scale according to the Schrdinger equation for interacting systems, while the observerÕs Ôincrease of informationÕ is appropriately represented by the resulting dynamical decoupling of the corresponding components of the global wave function. Physics Letters A172, 189 (1993) 2As far as is known, all properties of closed quantum systems are perfectly described by means of wave functions in configuration space (in general, wave functionals of certain fields) dynamically evolving smoothly according to the time-dependent Schrdinger equation. However, the condition of being closed (or shielded against interactions with the environment) can easily be estimated to be quite exceptional. It characterizes very special (usually atomic) systems from which the laws of quantum mechanics were derived. When the shielding ceases, most notably during measurements, discontinuous

Related papers

A Suggested Interpretation of the Quantum Theory in Terms of Discontinuous Motion of Particles

Gao Shan

We present a theory of discontinuous motion of particles in continuous space-time. We show that the simplest nonrelativistic evolution equation of such motion is just the Schrodinger equation in quantum mechanics. This strongly implies what quantum mechanics describes is discontinuous motion of particles. Considering the fact that space-time may be essentially discrete when considering gravity, we further present a theory of discontinuous motion of particles in discrete space-time. We show that its evolution will naturally result in the dynamical collapse process of the wave function, and this collapse will bring about the appearance of continuous motion of objects in the macroscopic world.

NeuroQuantology•Sep 5, 2007•1 citation

A suggested interpretation of the quantum theory in terms of discontinuous motion of particles

Rui Qi

We present a theory of discontinuous motion of particles in continuous space-time. We show that the simplest nonrelativistic evolution equation of such motion is just the Schroedinger equation in quantum mechanics. This strongly implies what quantum mechanics describes is discontinuous motion of particles. Considering the fact that space-time may be essentially discrete when considering gravity, we further present a theory of discontinuous motion of particles in discrete space-time. We show that its evolution may naturally result in the dynamical collapse process of the wave function, and this collapse will bring about the appearance of continuous motion of objects in the macroscopic world.

arXiv:quant-ph/0208158•Aug 27, 2002•0 citations

What quantum mechanics describes is discontinuous motion of particles

Shan Gao

We present a theory of discontinuous motion of particles in continuous space-time. We show that the simplest nonrelativistic evolution equation of such motion is just the Schroedinger equation in quantum mechanics. This strongly implies what quantum mechanics describes is discontinuous motion of particles. Considering the fact that space-time may be essentially discrete when considering gravity, we further present a theory of discontinuous motion of particles in discrete space-time. We show that its evolution will naturally result in the dynamical collapse process of the wave function, and this collapse will bring about the appearance of continuous motion of objects in the macroscopic world.

•Sep 1, 2001•1 citation

Unification Might Be Achievable by a Hypothesis of Instantaneous Time-Jumps during Photon and Graviton Interactions (A Brief Note)

Eugene Terry Tatum

Quantum theory according to the Copenhagen interpretation holds that, when a quantum interaction is observed (i.e., “measured”), the observer’s measuring devices temporarily become a part of the quantum system. Relativity theory holds that the event clock of the absorbed or emitted photon or graviton is frozen in time relative to all clocks outside the observed system. If we harmonize both theories, this would appear to imply that time continuity must be interrupted at each instant of observed photon or graviton interaction with matter. It is as if a segment of space-time is clipped out during each such observed interaction. If so, we must dispense with the notion of an absolutely smooth and continuous space-time and replace it with an observation-dependent, discontinuous, relativistic/quantum space-time. Mathematical physicists should be able to model this hypothesis (call it a “time-jump hypothesis”) and its inherent discontinuous space-time in their further efforts at unification.

Journal of Modern Physics•Jan 1, 2022•0 citations

Events and processes in the quantum world

Abner Shimony

PROSPECTIVE The concern of this paper will be different from that of most studies of quantum gravity. There will be no discussion of the problem of quantizing the gravitational field equations, hence nothing about the modifications which quantization requires of space-time structure at distances of the order of the Planck length (∼ 10 −33 cm). The emphasis will be rather upon the implications of quantum mechanics for certain general properties of events and processes which occur in the theatre of space-time, specifically with non-locality and nonlinearity . Quantum mechanics is undoubtedly a non-local theory when it treats correlated spatially separated systems. When one examines closely the character of this non-locality, however, one does not find reasons for modifying the causal structure of space-time as described by special or general relativity theory, but rather reasons for refining the concept of an event. The occurrence of definite outcomes of measurements implies that there are processes in nature governed by nonlinear laws. Nonlinearity is very peculiar from the standpoint of quantum mechanics, since it is contrary to the linearity of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, which is commonly assumed to govern the dynamics of any isolated physical system. Hence it is necessary to inquire whether a rational treatment of the occurrence of outcomes is possible without some modifications of current quantum mechanics. Whatever decision is reached on this question, however, it does not appear to bear directly on space-time structure, but rather on the general character of processes.

Cambridge University Press eBooks•Feb 26, 1993•112 citations

Quantum Physics and Quantum Computation

Andreas Wichert

Classical mechanics is usually valid at the macro scale. The changes in the position and the momentum of the object over time are described by the Hamiltonian equation of motion. The wave function in quantum mechanics, if unobserved, evolves in a smooth and continuous way according to the Schrodinger equation, which is related to the Hamiltonian equation of motion. This equation describes a linear superposition of different states at time. A quantum mechanical description of a physical system is related to a probabilistic representation; it is described by a vector in Hilbert space. This description extends the two- or three-dimensional Euclidean space into spaces that have any finite or infinite number of dimensions. The state of a compound system is projected to the subspace that corresponds to the observed state and the vector representing the state is renormalized to the unit length. An observable describes a subspace for some dimensions with a special case of one dimension.

Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks•Nov 28, 2023•0 citations
Abstract: Quantum theory does not require the existence of discontinuities: neither in time (quantum jumps), nor in space (particles), nor in spacetime (quantum events). These apparent discontinuities are readily described objectively by the continuous process of decoherence occurring locally on a very short time scale according to the Schrdinger equation for interacting systems, while the observerÕs Ôincrease of informationÕ is appropriately represented by the resulting dynamical decoupling of the corresponding components of the global wave function. Physics Letters A172, 189 (1993) 2As far as is known, all properties of closed quantum systems are perfectly described by means of wave functions in configuration space (in general, wave functionals of certain fields) dynamically evolving smoothly according to the time-dependent Schrdinger equation. However, the condition of being closed (or shielded against interactions with the environment) can easily be estimated to be quite exceptional. It characterizes very special (usually atomic) systems from which the laws of quantum mechanics were derived. When the shielding ceases, most notably during measurements, discontinuous
We present a theory of discontinuous motion of particles in continuous space-time. We show that the simplest nonrelativistic evolution equation of such motion is just the Schrodinger equation in quantum mechanics. This strongly implies what quantum mechanics describes is discontinuous motion of particles. Considering the fact that space-time may be essentially discrete when considering gravity, we further present a theory of discontinuous motion of particles in discrete space-time. We show that its evolution will naturally result in the dynamical collapse process of the wave function, and this collapse will bring about the appearance of continuous motion of objects in the macroscopic world.
We present a theory of discontinuous motion of particles in continuous space-time. We show that the simplest nonrelativistic evolution equation of such motion is just the Schroedinger equation in quantum mechanics. This strongly implies what quantum mechanics describes is discontinuous motion of particles. Considering the fact that space-time may be essentially discrete when considering gravity, we further present a theory of discontinuous motion of particles in discrete space-time. We show that its evolution may naturally result in the dynamical collapse process of the wave function, and this collapse will bring about the appearance of continuous motion of objects in the macroscopic world.
We present a theory of discontinuous motion of particles in continuous space-time. We show that the simplest nonrelativistic evolution equation of such motion is just the Schroedinger equation in quantum mechanics. This strongly implies what quantum mechanics describes is discontinuous motion of particles. Considering the fact that space-time may be essentially discrete when considering gravity, we further present a theory of discontinuous motion of particles in discrete space-time. We show that its evolution will naturally result in the dynamical collapse process of the wave function, and this collapse will bring about the appearance of continuous motion of objects in the macroscopic world.
Quantum theory according to the Copenhagen interpretation holds that, when a quantum interaction is observed (i.e., “measured”), the observer’s measuring devices temporarily become a part of the quantum system. Relativity theory holds that the event clock of the absorbed or emitted photon or graviton is frozen in time relative to all clocks outside the observed system. If we harmonize both theories, this would appear to imply that time continuity must be interrupted at each instant of observed photon or graviton interaction with matter. It is as if a segment of space-time is clipped out during each such observed interaction. If so, we must dispense with the notion of an absolutely smooth and continuous space-time and replace it with an observation-dependent, discontinuous, relativistic/quantum space-time. Mathematical physicists should be able to model this hypothesis (call it a “time-jump hypothesis”) and its inherent discontinuous space-time in their further efforts at unification.
PROSPECTIVE The concern of this paper will be different from that of most studies of quantum gravity. There will be no discussion of the problem of quantizing the gravitational field equations, hence nothing about the modifications which quantization requires of space-time structure at distances of the order of the Planck length (∼ 10 −33 cm). The emphasis will be rather upon the implications of quantum mechanics for certain general properties of events and processes which occur in the theatre of space-time, specifically with non-locality and nonlinearity . Quantum mechanics is undoubtedly a non-local theory when it treats correlated spatially separated systems. When one examines closely the character of this non-locality, however, one does not find reasons for modifying the causal structure of space-time as described by special or general relativity theory, but rather reasons for refining the concept of an event. The occurrence of definite outcomes of measurements implies that there are processes in nature governed by nonlinear laws. Nonlinearity is very peculiar from the standpoint of quantum mechanics, since it is contrary to the linearity of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, which is commonly assumed to govern the dynamics of any isolated physical system. Hence it is necessary to inquire whether a rational treatment of the occurrence of outcomes is possible without some modifications of current quantum mechanics. Whatever decision is reached on this question, however, it does not appear to bear directly on space-time structure, but rather on the general character of processes.
Classical mechanics is usually valid at the macro scale. The changes in the position and the momentum of the object over time are described by the Hamiltonian equation of motion. The wave function in quantum mechanics, if unobserved, evolves in a smooth and continuous way according to the Schrodinger equation, which is related to the Hamiltonian equation of motion. This equation describes a linear superposition of different states at time. A quantum mechanical description of a physical system is related to a probabilistic representation; it is described by a vector in Hilbert space. This description extends the two- or three-dimensional Euclidean space into spaces that have any finite or infinite number of dimensions. The state of a compound system is projected to the subspace that corresponds to the observed state and the vector representing the state is renormalized to the unit length. An observable describes a subspace for some dimensions with a special case of one dimension.