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Superradiance and subradiance in plasmonic nanochannels

Ying Li, Christos Argyropoulos

Published Sep 9, 2016• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We demonstrate a plasmonic route to superradiance and subradiance effects over distances comparable to the operating wavelength. Superradiant and subradiant modes are excited by a collection of two-level quantum emitters inside plasmonic nanochannels. These channels can provide an effective epsilon-near-zero operation in their cut-off frequency and Fabry-P\'erot resonances at higher frequencies. The related plasmonic resonant modes are found to efficiently enhance the constructive (superradiance) or destructive (subradiance) interference between different quantum emitters located inside the nanochannels. By increasing the number of emitters located in the elongated plasmonic channel, the superradiance effect is enhanced at the epsilon-near-zero operation, leading to a strong increase in the collective spontaneous emission rate. In addition, the separation distance between neighboring emitters and their emission wavelengths can be changed to dynamically control the collective emission properties of the plasmonic system. It is envisioned that the dynamic modification between quantum superradiant and subradiant modes will find applications in quantum communication and computing systems.

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We demonstrate a plasmonic route to superradiance and subradiance effects over distances comparable to the operating wavelength. Superradiant and subradiant modes are excited by a collection of two-level quantum emitters inside plasmonic nanochannels. These channels can provide an effective epsilon-near-zero operation in their cut-off frequency and Fabry-P'erot resonances at higher frequencies. The related plasmonic resonant modes are found to efficiently enhance the constructive (superradiance) or destructive (subradiance) interference between different quantum emitters located inside the nanochannels. By increasing the number of emitters located in the elongated plasmonic channel, the superradiance effect is enhanced at the epsilon-near-zero operation, leading to a strong increase in the collective spontaneous emission rate. In addition, the separation distance between neighboring emitters and their emission wavelengths can be changed to dynamically control the collective emission properties of the plasmonic system. It is envisioned that the dynamic modification between quantum superradiant and subradiant modes will find applications in quantum communication and computing systems.
We present a a plasmonic route to superradiant and subradiant effects excited by a pair of two-level emitters embedded inside plasmonic nanochannels. These channels can provide an effective epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) response in their cut-off frequency and Fabry-Perot (FP) resonances in higher frequencies. The plasmonic resonant modes are found to enhance the constructive (superradiance) or destructive (subradiance) interference between two different quantum emitters located inside the channels. The separation distance between neighboring emitters and their emission wavelength can be changed to dynamically control the collective emission properties of the plasmonic system. It is envisioned that the dynamic modification between superradiant and subradiant modes will find applications to future quantum communication and computing systems.
We demonstrate a plasmonic route to control the collective spontaneous emission of two-level quantum emitters. Superradiance and subradiance effects are observed over distances comparable to the operating wavelength inside plasmonic nanochannels. These plasmonic waveguides can provide an effective epsilon-near-zero operation in their cut-off frequency and Fabry-Pérot resonances at higher frequencies. The related plasmonic resonant modes are found to efficiently enhance the constructive (superradiance) or destructive (subradiance) interference between different quantum emitters located inside the waveguides. By increasing the number of emitters located in the elongated plasmonic channel, the superradiance effect is enhanced at the epsilon-near-zero operation, leading to a strong coherent increase in the collective spontaneous emission rate. In addition, the separation distance between neighboring emitters and their emission wavelengths can be changed to dynamically control the collective emission properties of the plasmonic system. It is envisioned that the dynamic modification between quantum superradiant and subradiant modes will find applications in quantum entanglement of qubits, low-threshold nanolasers and efficient sensors.
We describe the possibility of drastically boosting the spontaneous emission of a collection of two-level quantum emitters by embedding them in an epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) environment, consisting of a plasmonic waveguide operated at cutoff. This phenomenon relies on the combination of Purcell enhancement and Dicke superradiance effects, exploiting the large and uniform local density of states in ENZ channels, which is shown to significantly extend the spatial extent of these quantum effects. We envision exciting applications in optical sensing, molecular detection, and low-threshold lasing.
Multi-qubit entanglement is of paramount importance to perform truly secure quantum optical communication operations. In this work, we present efficient long-range entanglement mediated by plasmonic waveguides operating at their cut-off frequency, where they exhibit an effective epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) response. Only the excited ENZ mode at plasmonic waveguides has a strong and homogeneous electric field distribution compared to different modes excited at groove and rod waveguides, resulting in an efficient two- and multi-qubit entanglement that can persist over extended time periods and long distances. Efficient multipartite entanglement from three equidistantly arranged two-level quantum emitters (qubits) inside the ENZ waveguide is also demonstrated by using three different multi-qubit entanglement criterions, i.e., pairwise concurrence, negativity, and genuine multipartite entanglement. The findings of this work stress the importance of ENZ plasmonic waveguides as an ideal nanophotonic platform to support efficient quantum optical effects.
In this study, we present the superradiance effects of N identical molecular emitters inside Fabry–Pérot (FP) cavity systems in the framework of macroscopic quantum electrodynamics. The proposed theory can estimate the enhancement of spontaneous emission rates, including the effects of cavity geometry and material dielectric properties. Moreover, our study connects the multichromophoric excitation energy transfer theory and the Tavis–Cummings model via identical cooperative decay rates and dipole–dipole shifts. For molecules resonant with the cavity photon mode, we find that the enhancement is not exactly proportional to N even in a perfect FP cavity due to the effects of electrostatic dipole–dipole interactions. Moreover, in a silver FP cavity, our simulation shows that the enhancement saturates for a large N, indicating that the cavity photon mode can lead to only the collective emission of a limited number of molecules. For molecules in the proximity of the silver mirror, we demonstrate that under specific conditions, the subradiance of molecular emitters can occur through surface plasmon polaritons. Our study not only provides new insights into the mechanism of superradiance effects but also demonstrates that collective effects such as superradiance and subradiance can be controlled by manipulating the dielectric environments.
We develop a theory of cooperative emission of light by an ensemble of emitters, such as fluorescing molecules or semiconductor quantum dots, located near a metal nanostructure supporting surface plasmon. The primary mechanism of cooperative emission in such systems is resonant energy transfer between emitters and plasmons rather than the Dicke radiative coupling between emitters. We identify two types of plasmonic coupling between the emitters, (i) plasmon-enhanced radiative coupling and (ii) plasmon-assisted nonradiative energy transfer, the competition between them governing the structure of system eigenstates. Specifically, when emitters are removed by more than several nanometers from the metal surface, the emission is dominated by three superradiant states with the same quantum yield as a single emitter, resulting in a drastic reduction of ensemble radiated energy, while at smaller distances cooperative behavior is destroyed by nonradiative transitions. The crossover between two regimes can be observed in distance dependence of ensemble quantum efficiency. Our numerical calculations incorporating direct and plasmon-assisted interactions between the emitters indicate that they do not destroy the plasmonic Dicke effect.