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Laser Physics Letters

Dressing control of three-mode entanglement in two cascaded four-wave mixing

Yufei Zhang, Da Zhang, Heyuan Zhang, Haijun Tang, Lin Cheng, Ruizhou Liu, Yanpeng Zhang

Published Sep 16, 2016• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We report the control of the dressed state in three-mode optical entanglement in an N-type four-level system using two cascaded parametric amplification four-wave mixing steps inside an atom-like optical cavity and injected by thermal optical fields: a coherent field and the Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen field. First, cavity dressing results in Aulter–Towns-like (AT-like peak) anti-squeezing. And the three-cavity dressing interaction induces multi-AT-like peaks. Meanwhile, the cavity enhanced nonlinear gain results in one squeezing dip polariton. In addition, the coupling of three enhanced nonlinear gains brings about multi-dip squeezing. Second, as two nonlinear coefficients change, the nonlinear phase makes the squeezing profile (in phase, amplification) turn into an anti-squeezing profile due to nonlinear loss (out of phase, de-amplification). Finally, the squeezing profile can also be modified by field dressing (AT splitting, enhancement and suppression), and the squeezing degree is affected by injection fields. Thus, by judging the squeezing of three nonseparability criteria, we get three-mode optical entanglement.

DOI
10.1088/1612-2011/13/11/115201

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Abstract We demonstrate the influence of dressed states on two-mode optical entanglement in a double Λ-type energy level atomic ensemble of parametric amplification four-wave mixing (PA-FWM) processes. By injecting a coherent or Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen field into PA-FWM channels, we investigate the corresponding entanglement. The quantum entanglement may be enhanced or suppressed via a bright state or a dark state. In free space, the two-mode entanglement is determined by nonlinear gain, which can be manipulated by field dressing in an atomic ensemble (i.e. Autler–Towns splitting, dressed enhancement/suppression of entanglement). However, in a ring cavity, the cavity dressing brings about the AT-like splitting of entanglement. Such an entanglement profile may be modified by field dressing through vacuum Rabi splitting, vacuum-induced enhancement and suppression of entanglement.
Abstract We report a theoretical study about the two- and three-mode intensity-difference squeezing inside an atom-like optical cavity. A cascaded parametric amplification four-wave mixing process is considered, and the cavity dressing and ‘dressing-like’ effects with different nonlinear coefficients affecting the degree of squeezing of the fluctuation spectra are researched. The altering of the nonlinear coupling coefficient changes the relationship between the cavity dressing and ‘dressing-like’ effects, which determines the squeezing degree and results in a new type of multi-dip squeezing and double-peak anti-squeezing.
Abstract We report a theoretical study into the two- and three-mode entanglement inside an atom-like optical cavity. A five-level system is considered and the influence of the multi-dressed parametric amplification four-wave mixing (PA-FWM) process on the quantum correlation of fluctuation spectra is researched. Three-mode entanglement is determined by the coupling of two nonlinear gains; one of enhanced gains via the dressing state plays a dominant role in controlling and optimizing the profile of three-mode entanglement via vacuum Rabi splitting, enhancement/suppression of entanglement as well as two-mode. Specifically, increasing the quantity of dressing fields may result in the single-channel entanglement turning into nonlocal multichannel (multiple anti-crossing behaviors). Moreover, these entanglement channels can be squashed via the lateral squeezing effect of the cavity. Such multichannel entanglement has potential applications in nonlocal quantum imaging and quantum key distribution.
Abstract A higher degree of entanglement of entangled sources in quantum communications is always desired and can be achieved with high nonlinear gains. The dressing of atomic coherence and optical pumping can be considered as effective parameters to obtain such entangled sources. In this regard, we have experimentally studied doubly dressed effects in a small range of frequency, and optical pumping and de-pumping effects over a wide frequency range in multi-level atomic system in order to enhance the nonlinear gain. The multi-mode phenomenon that results from the multi-peak of Autler–Townes splitting can be observed at the large beam size of the pinhole of the pump field. Theoretical calculations fit well with the experimentally measured results. The dressing of atomic coherence and optical pumping lead to the enhancement of nonlinear gain up to 8.2 when the original nonlinear gain is 4.7.
In recent years, multi-mode quantum entanglement and quantum squeezing have gained significant research interest. This paper successfully realizes quantitative control over the characteristic of quantum entanglement produced by cascaded parametrically amplified four-wave mixing (PA-FWM) through adjusting the Rabi frequency and dephasing rate of dressing fields, in which PT and anti-PT symmetry breaking, respectively, induce distinct energy-level quantization and generate coherent multi-channels in the atomic transition of the natural non-Hermitian system. Further simulations of the Duan criterion, the PPT criterion, and quantum steering have been implemented to investigate the properties of generated multi-mode entanglement when employing schemes featuring EPR injection and degenerate FWM. The comparison reveals that EPR injection enhances the entanglement of the injected EPR mode while suppressing the entanglement of other modes. Distinctive schemes of degenerate FWM and two pairs of EPR injections would successfully transform two originally separate modes into a pair of entangled modes, exhibiting significant research value in quantum metrology and relevant applications.
Abstract Level-cascaded four-wave mixing systems with multimode quantum state squeezing are of great significance for non-Hermitian exceptional control. In this paper, based on non-Hermitian systems, we couple the energy level dressing to generate multimode quantum correlated beams. We have conducted an in-depth discussion on the quantum squeezing characteristics of the cascaded four-mode system. We use the gain squeezing matrix of the Hamiltonian matrix to introduce a pair of Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) injections and two pairs of EPR injections at different positions in the cascaded four-mode system. We found several key phenomena: (1) In covariance squeezing, dual EPR injections not only disrupt the original squeezing strength but also produce varying numbers of Hamiltonians depending on injection location; (2) For intensity-difference squeezing, multiple coherent injections enhance squeezing coherence proportionally to injection count, while increased Hamiltonians strengthen intensity-difference correlations. Particularly noteworthy is the equivalence between single EPR injections and E 2 E 3 dual injections, as well as between position-B dual EPR injections and E 2 E 3 E 4 triple injections. The results establish that EPR injections exhibit superior intensity hierarchy compared to multiple coherent or Hamiltonian injections, with their configuration capable of actively modifying inter-mode hierarchical relationships.