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Physical Review A

Modulational instability of F=2 spinor condensates

Thudiyangal Mithun, Kuppuswamy Porsezian

Published Jan 10, 2012• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We first analytically examine the occurrence of modulational instability in all phases of $F=2$ spinor homogeneous condensate from the possible stationary solutions. Then we numerically show the similar results by extending our analysis to trapped condensates (inhomogeneous). From both analyses we conclude that modulation instability depends on the relative phase between the components and initial population for the polar phase. We also observe spin-mixing dynamics during evolution of the spinor condensate.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.85.013616

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We analyze the structure of spin-one Bose-Einstein condensates in the presence of a homogeneous magnetic field. We classify the homogeneous stationary states and study their existence, bifurcations, and energy spectra. We reveal that phase separation can occur in the ground state of antiferromagnetic (polar) condensates while the spin components of the ferromagnetic condensates are always miscible and no phase separation occurs. Our theoretical model, confirmed by numerical simulations, explains that this phenomenon takes place when the energy of the lowest homogeneous state is a concave function of the magnetization. In particular, we predict that phase separation can be observed in a 23Na^{23}\text{N}\text{a}23Na condensate confined in a highly elongated harmonic trap. Finally, we discuss the phenomena of dynamical instability and spin domain formation.
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Abstract We obtain general continuous-wave (CW) solutions in the model of a spinor positronium condensate in the absence of magnetic field. The CW solutions with both in-phase ( n = 0) and out-of-phase ( n = 1) spin components exist, with their ranges limited by the total particle density, ρ . In the limit of negligible population exchange between the spin components, the CW solutions are found to be stable or unstable, depending on the particle density of the para-positronium. Ortho-positronium, in the F = 1 spinor state, forms a ferromagnetic condensate with stable in-phase CW solutions only. Subsequent examination of the modulational instability is carried out both in the limit case of identical wavenumbers in the spin components, Δ k ≡ k 1 − k − 1 = 0 , and in the more general case of Δ k ≠ 0 too. The CW solutions with n = 0 and 1 solutions, which are stable in the case of Δ k = 0 , are unstable for Δ k ≠ 0 , for the natural repulsive sign of the nonlinearities. The total particle density, ρ , in the limit of Δ k = 0 is found to have a significant role in the stability of the condensate, which is determined by the sign of the self-interaction nonlinearity.