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International Conference Laser Optics (ICLO)

One-way quantum key distribution scheme

Alexander Duplinskiy, Vasily E. Ustimchik, Yury Kurochkin

Published Jun 1, 2016• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We report the quantum key distribution (QKD) demonstration over a standard optical singlemod fiber, implementing the BB84 phase-coding protocol via one-way optical scheme. The stabilization technique was developed allowing to maintain continuous QKD with a high bit rate. Stabilization is applied both against polarization and phase drifts, using the feedback system.

DOI
10.1109/lo.2016.7549845

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We present a new optical scheme for BB84 protocol quantum key distribution (QKD). The proposed setup consists of a compact all-fiber polarization encoding optical scheme based on LiNbO3 phase modulators, single laser source and two single-photon detectors. Optical scheme consists of standard telecommunication components and is suitable for both fiber and free-space quantum communication channels. Low losses (~2dB) in Bob's device increase both the key generation rate and distance limit. A new technique for solving polarization mode dispersion (PMD) issue in LiNbO3 is implemented, allowing two crystals to neutralize the effect of each other. Several proof-of-concept experiments have been conducted at 10 MHz repetition frequency over 50 km of standard optical fiber under laboratory conditions and over 30 km of urban fiber with high losses (13dB), which is a link within a QKD network. To achieve this, calibration algorithms have been developed, allowing the system to work autonomously and making it promising for practical applications.
We present two long-distance quantum key distribution (QKD) systems over telecom fiber. The first one is the Sagnac QKD system implementing standard BB84 protocol. Novel polarization-insensitive phase modulators are used to simplify the conventional architecture. We are able to achieve a stable quantum bit error rate of 4-6.5% over 40km fiber loop over one hour without recalibration. The second one is the fiber-based QKD system using Gaussian-modulated coherent states. We have overcome the challenges imposed by the requirements for high detector sensitivity, long-term stability, and low signal crosstalk. Our GMCS QKD system is the first practical fiber-based one-way demonstration and is able to achieve a sifted secret key rate of 15.5 kbits/s over a transmission distance of 5km fiber. Experimental QKD is still in its infancy. The results presented in this thesis represent a significant step forward towards the practical QKD over conventional fiber networks.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) system is capable of generating secrete keys between two parties and enables them to sense the presence of any third party providing unconditionally secure communications. During the development process of constructing the enhanced fully polarized QKD configuration, few problems were confronted and solved. The developed optical structure proved to have auto-compensation in terms of photons polarization because of utilization of polarization maintaining fiber and Faraday mirror. It was also observed that phase coding scheme is implementable for QKD over 100 km long of optical fiber with high visibility, trusted system fidelity and low QBER.
We report a proof-of-principle quantum key distribution experiment using a one-way optical scheme with polarization encoding implementing the BB84 protocol. LiNbO 3 phase modulators are used for generating polarization states for Alice and active basis selection for Bob. This allows the former to use a single laser source, while the latter needs only two single-photon detectors. The presented optical scheme is simple and consists of standard fiber components. Calibration algorithm for three polarization controllers used in the scheme has been developed. The experiment was carried with 10 MHz repetition frequency laser pulses over a distance of 50 km of standard telecom optical fiber.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a potential defense against future quantum attacks that can break traditional encryption algorithms, such as RSA and ECC. The current work is based on the development of the BB84 protocol with the features of utilizing quantum mechanics and eavesdropping detection through signal disturbance. A simulation of the BB84 protocol was built using polarization encoding over a 10 km single-mode optical fiber using OptiSystem software. The system consists of standard telecom equipment, such as a continuous wave laser at a frequency of 193.1 THz, polarization controllers, and single-photon detectors. Both secure and insecure cases were simulated, where an attacker (Eve) had used an intercept-resend attack. The outcome showed significant Bit Error Rate (BER) and Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) increases during attacks, thus proving the protocol's vulnerability to interference. In addition, a special intrusion detection system based on BER was used to identify such anomalies in real-time. The simulation illustrates the feasibility of using QKD in today's optical networks to secure communications.