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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Two-component Fermions in Optical Lattice with Spatially Alternating Interactions

Anh-Tuan Hoang, Thi-Hai-Yen Nguyen, Thi-Thu-Trang Tran, Duc‐Anh Le

Published Sep 6, 2016• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate two-component mass-imbalanced fermions in an optical lattice with spatially modulated interactions by using two-site dynamical mean field theory. At half-filling and zero temperature, the phase diagram of the system is analytically obtained, in which the metallic region is reduced with increasing the mass imbalance. The ground-state properties of the fermionic system are discussed from the behaviors of both the spin-dependent quasi-particle weight at the Fermi level and the double occupancy for each sublattice as functions of the local interaction strengths for various values of the mass imbalance.

DOI
10.7566/jpsj.85.104702

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We investigate two-component mass-imbalanced fermions in an optical lattice with spatially modulated interactions by using two-site dynamical mean field theory. At half-filling and zero temperature, the phase diagram of the system is analytically obtained, in which the metallic region is reduced with increasing the mass imbalance. The ground-state properties of the fermionic system are discussed from the behaviors of both the spin-dependent quasi-particle weight at the Fermi level and the double occupancy for each sublattice as functions of the local interaction strengths for various values of the mass imbalance.
We study two-component fermions in optical lattices with spatially alternating on-site interactions using dynamical mean-field theory. Calculating the quasi-particle weight, double occupancy, and order parameters for each sublattice, we discuss the low-temperature properties of the system. When both interactions are repulsive, the magnetically ordered state is realized at half-filling. In the attractive case, the superfluid state is, in general, realized with a particle number imbalance. On the other hand, when repulsive and attractive interactions are comparable in the half-filled system, the magnetically ordered and superfluid states are not realized, but the metal-insulator transition occurs. This transition is characterized by the Mott and pairing transitions discussed in the conventional repulsive and attractive Hubbard models. In the doped system, commensurability emerges owing to the repulsive interactions and the metal-insulator transition occurs down to quarter-filling.
We study the metal–insulator transitions in the half-filled Anderson–Hubbard model with mass imbalance by the typical medium theory using the equation of motion method as an impurity solver. The nonmagnetic ground state phase diagram of the system with mass imbalance is constructed numerically. In addition to the three phases showed up in the balanced case, the phase diagram of the mass imbalanced case contains a spin-selective localized phase, where one spin component is metallic while the other spin component is insulating. We find that if one increases the mass imbalance the metal region in the phase diagram is reduced, while both Anderson and Mott insulator regions are enlarged.
Ground-state properties of fermionic mixtures confined in a one-dimensional optical lattice are studied numerically within the spinless Falicov-Kimball model with a harmonic trap. A number of remarkable results are found. i) At low particle filling the system exhibits phase separation with heavy atoms in the center of the trap and light atoms in the surrounding regions. ii) Insulating phases always coexist with metallic phases. iii) Atomic-density waves are observed in the insulating regions for all particle fillings near the half-filled lattice case. iv) The variance of the local density exhibits universal behavior (independent of the particle filling, the Coulomb interaction and the strength of a confining potential) over the whole region of the local density values.
We study magnetic phases of two-component mixtures of ultracold fermions with repulsive interactions in optical lattices in the presence of hopping imbalance. Our analysis is based on dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) and its real-space generalization at finite temperature. We study the temperature dependence of the transition into the ordered state as a function of the interaction strength and the imbalance parameter in two and three spatial dimensions. We show that below the critical temperature for Néel order mass-imbalanced mixtures also exhibit a charge-density wave, which provides a directly observable signature of the ordered state. For the trapped system, we compare our results obtained by real-space DMFT to a local-density approximation. We calculate the entropy for a wide range of parameters and identify regions, in which mass-imbalanced mixtures could have clear advantages over balanced ones for the purpose of obtaining and detecting quantum magnetism.
We study a two-species fermion mixture with different populations on a square lattice modeled by a Hubbard Hamiltonian with onsite interspecies repulsive interaction. Such a model can be realized in a cold-atom system with fermionic atoms in two different hyperfine states loaded on an optical lattice and with tunable interspecies interaction strength via external fields. For a two-dimensional square lattice, when at least one of the fermion species is close to half-filling, the system is highly affected by lattice effects. With the majority species near half-filling and varying densities for the minority species, we find that several correlated phases emerge as the ground state, including a spin density wave state, a charge density wave state with stripe structure, and various ppp-wave BCS pairing states for both species. We study this system using a functional renormalization group method, determine its phase diagram at weak coupling, discuss the origin and characteristics of each phase, and provide estimates for the critical temperatures.
We study magnetic phases of two-component mixtures of ultracold fermions with repulsive interactions in optical lattices in the presence of both hopping and population imbalance by means of dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT). It is shown that these mixtures can have easy-axis antiferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic, charge-density wave, and canted-antiferromagnetic order or be unordered depending on parameters of the system. We study the resulting phase diagram in detail and investigate the stability of the different phases with respect to thermal fluctuations. We also perform a quantitative analysis for a gas confined in a harmonic trap, both within the local density approximation and using a full real-space generalization of DMFT.