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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Ultrafast two-photon Rabi oscillations in excited He driven by femtosecond intense laser fields

Akiyoshi Hishikawa, Mizuho Fushitani, C.-N. Liu, Akitaka Matsuda, Tomoyuki Endo, Y. Toida, Y. Hikosaka, Tōru Morishita

Published Sep 7, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate ultrafast multiphoton coherent excitation in near-infrared intense laser fields (≤10 TW/cm 2 ) using excited helium in the 1 s 2 p ( 1 P) state as the target. Strong two-photon coupling between the 2 p state and the 5 f and 6 f Rydberg states drives ultrafast Rabi oscillations in tens of femtosecond. Theoretical calculations solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation were carried out to elucidate the strong field effects.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/635/9/092082

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Coherent light-matter interaction drives a variety of interesting processes in a quantum system. Rabi oscillation is one such process offering a periodic population transfer between quantum states in an ultrashort time scale. Here we demonstrate a robust and simple scheme to achieve femtosecond twophoton Rabi oscillations by intense NIR laser pulses, using excited He atoms prepared by EUV-FEL. The extension to multiphoton regime will expand the applicability to highly excited or dipole-forbidden states.
Rabi oscillations are periodic modulations of populations in two-level systems interacting with a time-varying field. They are ubiquitous in physics with applications in different areas such as photonics, nano-electronics, electron microscopy, and quantum information. While the theory developed by Rabi was intended for fermions in gyrating magnetic fields, Autler and Townes realized that it could also be used to describe coherent light-matter interaction within the rotating wave approximation\cite. Although intense nanometer-wavelength light-sources have been available for more than a decade, Rabi dynamics at such short wavelengths have not been observed directly. Here we show that femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet pulses from a seeded free-electron laser can drive Rabi oscillations between the ground state and an excited state in helium atoms. The measured photoemission signal revealed an Autler-Townes doublet as well as an avoided crossing, phenomena that are both trademarks of quantum optics. Using theoretical analyses that go beyond the strong-field approximation, we found that the ultrafast build-up of the doublet structure follows from a quantum interference effect between resonant and non-resonant photoionization pathways. Given the recent availability of intense attosecond and few-femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet pulses, our results offer opportunities to carry out ultrafast manipulation of coherent processes at short wavelengths using free-electron lasers.
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Rabi oscillations of quantum population are known to occur in two-level systems driven by spectrally narrow laser fields. In this work we study Rabi oscillations induced by shaped broadband femtosecond laser pulses. Due to the broad spectral width of the driving field, the oscillations are initiated between a ground state and a coherent superposition of excited states, or a ``wave packet,'' rather than a single excited state. Our experiments reveal an intricate dependence of the wave-packet phase on the intensity of the laser field. We confirm numerically that the effect is associated with the strong-field nature of the interaction and provide a qualitative picture by invoking a simple theoretical model.