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Towards Nonclassical Dynamics in Semiconductor Microcavities

Hugo Flayac, Vincenzo Savona

Published Aug 31, 2016• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

We theoretically study the emission statistics of a nonlinear photonic dimer during coherent Josephson-like oscillations. We show that the phase and population oscillations allow to periodically approach an optimal squeezing condition resulting in strongly nonclassical emission statistics. By considering a realistic exciton-polariton field in a appropriately designed microcavity, we show that the antibunching should emerge in such semiconductor system where nonclassical signatures have remained elusive to date.

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We theoretically study the emission statistics of a nonlinear photonic dimer during coherent Josephson-like oscillations. We show that the phase and population oscillations allow to periodically approach an optimal squeezing condition resulting in strongly nonclassical emission statistics. By considering a realistic exciton-polariton field in a appropriately designed microcavity, we show that the antibunching should emerge in such semiconductor system where nonclassical signatures have remained elusive to date.
We theoretically study the emission statistics of a weakly nonlinear photonic dimer during coherent oscillations. We show that the phase and population dynamics allow to periodically meet an optimal squeezing condition resulting in a strongly nonclassical emission statistics. By considering an exciton-polariton Josephson junction driven resonantly by a pulsed classical source, we show that a sizable antibunching should emerge in such a semiconductor system where intrinsic nonclassical signatures have remained elusive to date.
Microcavity polaritons are a hybrid photonic system that arises from the strong coupling of confined photons to quantum-well excitons. Due to their light-matter nature, polaritons possess a Kerr-like nonlinearity while being easily accessible by standard optical means. The ability to engineer confinement potentials in microcavities makes polaritons a very convenient system to study spatially localized bosonic populations, which might have great potential for the creation of novel photonic devices. Careful engineering of this system is predicted to induce Gaussian squeezing, a phenomenon that lies at a heart of the so-called unconventional photon blockade associated with single photon emission. This paper reveals a manifestation of the predicted squeezing by measuring the ultrafast time-dependent second-order correlation function g(2)(0) by means of a streak-camera acting as a single photon detector. The light emitted by the microcavity oscillates between Poissonian and super-Poissonian in phase with the Josephson dynamics. This behavior is remarkably well explained by quantum simulations, which predict such dynamical evolution of the squeezing parameters. The paper shows that a crucial prerequisite for squeezing is presence of a weak, but non-zero nonlinearity. Results open the way towards generation of nonclassical light in solid-state systems possessing a single particle nonlinearity like microwave Josephson junctions or silicon-on-chip resonators.
Abstract A quantum behavior of the light emitted by exciton polaritons excited in a pillar semiconductor microcavity with embedded quantum well is investigated. Considering the bare excitons and photon modes as coupled quantum oscillators allows for an accurate accounting of the nonlinear and dissipative effects. In particular, using the method of quantum states presentation in a quantum phase space via quasiprobability functions (namely, a P-function and a Wigner function), we study the effect of the laser and the exciton-photon detuning on the second order correlation function of the emitted photons. We determine the conditions for the phenomena of bunching, giant bunching, and antibunching of the emitted light. In particular, we predict the effect of a giant bunching for the case of a large exciton to photon population ratio. Within the domain of parameters supporting a bistability regime we demonstrate the effect of bunching of photons.
A sub-Poissonian distribution of photon numbers (photon-number squeezing) within a microcavity is theoretically shown to be possible using a realistic model of nonlinear photon dissipation. By deriving and solving a stochastic Schr\"odinger equation for a system with photons and atoms in a microcavity, we have obtained strong antibunching and a sub-Poissonian distribution of the number of emitted photons from the microcavity. The relationship among the above three statistical quantities, which describe the nonclassical nature of the quantum radiation field, are also discussed.
The use of a Kerr nonlinearity to generate squeezed light is a well-known way to surpass the quantum noise limit along a given field quadrature. Nevertheless, in the most common regime of weak nonlinearity, a single Kerr resonator is unable to provide the proper interrelation between the field amplitude and squeezing required to induce a sizable deviation from Poissonian statistics. We demonstrate experimentally that weakly coupled bosonic modes allow exploration of the interplay between squeezing and displacement, which can give rise to strong deviations from the Poissonian statistics. In particular, we report on the periodic bunching in a Josephson junction formed by two coupled exciton-polariton modes. Quantum modeling traces the bunching back to the presence of quadrature squeezing. Our results, linking the light statistics to squeezing, are a precursor to the study of nonclassical features in semiconductor microcavities and other weakly nonlinear bosonic systems.