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IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT)

Universal recoverability in quantum information

Marius Junge, Renato Renner, David Sutter, Mark M. Wilde, Andreas Winter

Published Jul 1, 2016• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The quantum relative entropy is well known to obey a monotonicity property (i.e., it does not increase under the action of a quantum channel). Here we present several refinements of this entropy inequality, some of which have a physical interpretation in terms of recovery from the action of the channel. The recovery channel given here is explicit and universal, depending only on the channel and one of the arguments to the relative entropy.

DOI
10.1109/isit.2016.7541748

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The quantum relative entropy is well known to obey a monotonicity property (i.e., it does not increase under the action of a quantum channel). Here we present several refinements of this entropy inequality, some of which have a physical interpretation in terms of recovery from the action of the channel. The recovery channel given here is explicit and universal, depending only on the channel and one of the arguments to the relative entropy.
The relative entropy is a principal measure of distinguishability in quantum information theory, with its most important property being that it is non-increasing with respect to noisy quantum operations. Here, we establish a remainder term for this inequality that quantifies how well one can recover from a loss of information by employing a rotated Petz recovery map. The main approach for proving this refinement is to combine the methods of [Fawzi and Renner, 2014] with the notion of a relative typical subspace from [Bjelakovic and Siegmund-Schultze, 2003]. Our paper constitutes partial progress towards a remainder term which features just the Petz recovery map (not a rotated Petz map), a conjecture which would have many consequences in quantum information theory. A well known result states that the monotonicity of relative entropy with respect to quantum operations is equivalent to each of the following inequalities: strong subadditivity of entropy, concavity of conditional entropy, joint convexity of relative entropy, and monotonicity of relative entropy with respect to partial trace. We show that this equivalence holds true for refinements of all these inequalities in terms of the Petz recovery map. So either all of these refinements are true or all are false.
The data processing inequality states that the quantum relative entropy between two states ρ and σ can never increase by applying the same quantum channel N to both states. This inequality can be strengthened with a remainder term in the form of a distance between ρ and the closest recovered state (R∘N)(ρ), where R is a recovery map with the property that σ=(R∘N)(σ). We show the existence of an explicit recovery map that is universal in the sense that it depends only on σ and the quantum channel N to be reversed. This result gives an alternate, information-theoretic characterization of the conditions for approximate quantum error correction.
The relative entropy is a principal measure of distinguishability in quantum information theory, with its most important property being that it is non-increasing with respect to noisy quantum operations. Here, we establish a remainder term for this inequality that quantifies how well one can recover from a loss of information by employing a rotated Petz recovery map. The main approach for proving this refinement is to combine the methods of [Fawzi and Renner, arXiv:1410.0664] with the notion of a relative typical subspace from [Bjelakovic and Siegmund-Schultze, arXiv:quant-ph/0307170]. Our paper constitutes partial progress towards a remainder term which features just the Petz recovery map (not a rotated Petz map), a conjecture which would have many consequences in quantum information theory. A well known result states that the monotonicity of relative entropy with respect to quantum operations is equivalent to each of the following inequalities: strong subadditivity of entropy, concavity of conditional entropy, joint convexity of relative entropy, and monotonicity of relative entropy with respect to partial trace. We show that this equivalence holds true for refinements of all these inequalities in terms of the Petz recovery map. So either all of these refinements are true or all are false.
The data processing inequality states that the quantum relative entropy between two states ρ\rho ρ and σ\sigma σ can never increase by applying the same quantum channel N\mathcal {N}N to both states. This inequality can be strengthened with a remainder term in the form of a distance between ρ\rho ρ and the closest recovered state (R∘N)(ρ)(\mathcal {R} \circ \mathcal {N})(\rho )(R∘N)(ρ) , where R\mathcal {R}R is a recovery map with the property that σ=(R∘N)(σ)\sigma = (\mathcal {R} \circ \mathcal {N})(\sigma )σ=(R∘N)(σ) . We show the existence of an explicit recovery map that is universal in the sense that it depends only on σ\sigma σ and the quantum channel N\mathcal {N}N to be reversed. This result gives an alternate, information-theoretic characterization of the conditions for approximate quantum error correction.
The data processing inequality states that the quantum relative entropy between two states ρ and σ can never increase by applying the same quantum channel N to both states. This inequality can be strengthened with a remainder term in the form of a distance between ρ and the closest recovered state (R∘N)(ρ), where R is a recovery map with the property that σ=(R∘N)(σ). We show the existence of an explicit recovery map that is universal in the sense that it depends only on σ and the quantum channel N to be reversed. This result gives an alternate, information-theoretic characterization of the conditions for approximate quantum error correction.
The fact that the quantum relative entropy is non-increasing with respect to quantum physical evolutions lies at the core of many optimality theorems in quantum information theory and has applications in other areas of physics. In this work, we establish improvements of this entropy inequality in the form of physically meaningful remainder terms. One of the main results can be summarized informally as follows: if the decrease in quantum relative entropy between two quantum states after a quantum physical evolution is relatively small, then it is possible to perform a recovery operation, such that one can perfectly recover one state while approximately recovering the other. This can be interpreted as quantifying how well one can reverse a quantum physical evolution. Our proof method is elementary, relying on the method of complex interpolation, basic linear algebra and the recently introduced Rényi generalization of a relative entropy difference. The theorem has a number of applications in quantum information theory, which have to do with providing physically meaningful improvements to many known entropy inequalities.