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Springer series in optical sciences/SPringer series in optical sciences

A High Sensitivity Modulation Method for Atomic Beam Absorption Spectroscopy

Ch Salomon, H. Metcalf, Alain Aspect, Jean Dalibard

Published Jan 1, 1987• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-3-540-47973-4_127

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Doppler-free two-photon heterodyne spectroscopy by single-beam frequency modulation

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Optics Letters•Sep 1, 1982•10 citations
In a spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) atomic magnetometer, the pump and probe laser frequencies are tuned to the D 1 transition line of alkali metal atoms to enhance measurement sensitivity. The D 1 line, a non-cycling transition, exhibits a low absorption coefficient. This study theoretically analyzes the influence of different parameters on the absorption coefficient of the D 1 line and proposes a polarization-dependent approach to enhance it. A frequency stabilization method based on modulation transfer spectroscopy (MTS) with an enhanced absorption coefficient is introduced. Compared with the conventional method, optimizing the probe beam’s polarization increases the absorption coefficient, raising the amplitude of the MTS signal. The results show that using a stronger MTS signal for frequency stabilization reduces the laser's frequency noise. Using heterodyne measurement, we characterize the linewidth-narrowing effect of MTS locking and evaluate the frequency stability of the locked laser. The linewidth of each laser is reduced from the free-running 2.2 MHz to 885 kHz after MTS stabilization. The Allan deviation measurements of the beat signal between two locked lasers are 2.6 × 10 −11 / τ . This work provides a stable optical frequency reference for SERF atomic magnetometers and offers potential applications in extracting spatial information from optically pumped atoms.
Combined with the modulation transfer method, we successfully observe a frequency discriminating signal with improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the scheme of differential detection of Doppler-free spectroscopy. In our previous counter-propagated pump-probe scheme, two orthogonal polarization components of the probe beam constrictive and destructive interact with dark state prepared by the pump beam, respectively. This led to simultaneous enhanced absorption and transmission by detecting the parallel and perpendicular polarization components of the transmitted probe beam. In this presentation, we add modulation to the pump beam, error signals are obtained by synchronous demodulating the probe beam transmission with the help of the four-wave mixing process in the light-atom interaction system. Our method not only boost the SNR of the error signal of differential detection signal compared to the traditional one, but also mitigate atomic resonance broadening and shift induced by direct modulation of the probe beam thanks to the modulation transfer spectroscopy. This new method may find applications in high-performance optical reference, high-resolution spectroscopy and so on.