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Oxford University Press eBooks

Ultracold spinor atomic gases

Maciej Lewenstein, Anna Sanpera, V. Ahufinger

Published Mar 8, 2012• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This chapter focuses on ultracold gases of atoms that possess internal spin structure. First, it considers spinor interactions, and then turns to trapped spinor Bose–Einstein condensates. In particular, the chapter discusses various possible mean field phases, spin textures, and topological defects. Next, it describes bosonic spinor gases in optical lattices, effective Hamiltonians, and possible quantum phases. Finally, spinor Fermi gases in optical lattices for spins larger than ½ are discussed.

DOI
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199573127.003.0007

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This chapter focuses on ultracold gases of atoms that possess internal spin structure. First, it considers spinor interactions, and then turns to trapped spinor Bose–Einstein condensates. In particular, the chapter discusses various possible mean field phases, spin textures, and topological defects. Next, it describes bosonic spinor gases in optical lattices, effective Hamiltonians, and possible quantum phases. Finally, spinor Fermi gases in optical lattices for spins larger than ½ are discussed.
We investigate magnetic properties of Mott-insulating phases of ultracold Bose and Fermi spinor gases in optical lattices. We consider in particular the F = 2 Bose gas, and the F = 3/2 and 5/2 Fermi gases. We derive effective spin Hamiltonians for one and two atoms per site and discuss the possibilities of manipulating the magnetic properties of the system using optical Feshbach resonances. We discuss low temperature quantum phases of a 87 Rb gas in the F = 2 hyperfine state, as well as possible realizations of high spin Fermi gases with either 6 Li or 132 Cs atoms in the F = 3/2 state, and with 173 Yb atoms in the F = 5/2 state.
We investigate magnetic properties of Mott-insulating phases of ultracold Bose and Fermi spinor gases in optical lattices. We consider in particular the F = 2 Bose gas, and the F = 3/2 and 5/2 Fermi gases. We derive effective spin Hamiltonians for one and two atoms per site and discuss the possibilities of manipulating the magnetic properties of the system using optical Feshbach resonances. We discuss low temperature quantum phases of a Rb-87 gas in the F = 2 hyperfine state, as well as possible realizations of high spin Fermi gases with either Li-6 or Cs-132 atoms in the F = 3/2 state, and with Yb-173 atoms in the F = 5/2 state.
We present a review of recent results concerning the physics of ultracold trapped dipolar gases. In particular, we discuss the Bose-Einstein condensation for dipolar Bose gases and the BCS transition for dipolar Fermi gases. In both cases we stress the dominant role of the trap geometry in determining the properties of the system. We present also results concerning bosonic dipolar gases in optical lattices and the possibility of obtaining a variety of different quantum phases in such a case. Finally, we analyze various possible routes towards achieving ultracold dipolar gases.
This chapter examines ultracold dipolar gases. First, it discusses the general properties of dipole–dipole interaction and explains how ultracold dipolar systems can be realized in experiments. The chapter reviews the properties of ultracold trapped dipolar Bose gases, pointing out the appearance of the roton minimum in the excitation spectrum. It then moves on to dipolar gases in a lattice, and investigates the corresponding extended Hubbard models. Dipolar bosons in a 2D optical lattice are discussed within the Gutzwiller approximation in more detail, with an emphasis on the appearance of multiple metastable states. Next, the chapter considers quantum Monte Carlo studies of dipolar gases, and discusses some further dipolar effects, which can be realized with cold atoms.
This chapter starts with an introduction to disordered systems, with an emphasis on disorder in condensed matter, and discusses such phenomena as the Anderson localization, and quantum phases such as with Bose glass. It then turns to various experimental realizations of disorder in ultracold atomic gases. The chapter focuses on disordered Bose-Einstein condensates and the phenomenon of Anderson localization in speckle or quasi-periodic, quasi-random potential. It moves on to disordered ultracold fermionic systems, and disordered ultracold Bose–Fermi (B–F) and Bose–Bose (B–B) mixtures. Finally, the chapter examines spin glasses (providing a brief presentation of the mean field theory of Parisi, and the droplet model) and disorder induced order.
Since an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate, predicted by Einstein in 1925, was first produced in the laboratory in 1995, the study of ultracold Bose and Fermi gases has become one of the most active areas in contemporary physics. This book explains phenomena in ultracold gases from basic principles, without assuming a detailed knowledge of atomic, condensed matter, and nuclear physics. This new edition has been revised and updated, and includes new chapters on optical lattices, low dimensions, and strongly-interacting Fermi systems. This book provides a unified introduction to the physics of ultracold atomic Bose and Fermi gases for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, as well as experimentalists and theorists. Chapters cover the statistical physics of trapped gases, atomic properties, cooling and trapping atoms, interatomic interactions, structure of trapped condensates, collective modes, rotating condensates, superfluidity, interference phenomena, and trapped Fermi gases. Problems are included at the end of each chapter.