The notion of the Planckian dissipation is extended to the system of the Caroli–de Gennes–Matricon discrete energy levels in the vortex core of superconductors and fermionic superfluids. In this extension, the Planck dissipation takes place when the relaxation time τ is comparable with the quantum Heisenberg time ${{t}_{H}} = \hbar {\text{/}}\Delta E$ , where $\Delta E$ is the interlevel distance in the vortex core (the minigap). This type of Planck dissipation has two important physical consequences. First, it determines the regime, when the effect of the axial anomaly becomes important. The anomalous spectral flow of the energy levels along the chiral branch of the Caroli–de Gennes–Matricon states becomes important in the super-Planckian region, i.e., when $\tau < \hbar {\text{/}}\Delta E$ . Second, the Planck dissipation separates the laminar flow of the superfluid liquid at $\tau < \hbar {\text{/}}\Delta E$ and the vortex turbulence regime at $\tau > \hbar {\text{/}}\Delta E$ .The notion of the Planckian dissipation is extended to the system of the Caroli–de Gennes–Matricon discrete energy levels in the vortex core of superconductors and fermionic superfluids. In this extension, the Planck dissipation takes place when the relaxation time τ is comparable with the quantum Heisenberg time $${{t}_{H}} = \hbar {\text{/}}\Delta E$$ , where $$\Delta E$$ is the interlevel distance in the vortex core (the minigap). This type of Planck dissipation has two important physical consequences. First, it determines the regime, when the effect of the axial anomaly becomes important. The anomalous spectral flow of the energy levels along the chiral branch of the Caroli–de Gennes–Matricon states becomes important in the super-Planckian region, i.e., when $$\tau < \hbar {\text{/}}\Delta E$$ . Second, the Planck dissipation separates the laminar flow of the superfluid liquid at $$\tau < \hbar {\text{/}}\Delta E$$ and the vortex turbulence regime at $$\tau > \hbar {\text{/}}\Delta E$$ .

arXiv:2203.10943Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics LettersApr 1, 20226 citations

Two-level dynamics

Perry R. Rice

Institute of Physics eBooksSep 1, 20200 citations

Pairs of two-level systems

U. Fano

Correlations between the orientations of two particles with spin \textonehalf{} are formulated in terms of a complete set of operators appropriate to display the spectrum of oscillations under the influence of the spin interactions. The operators are classified for this purpose according to space and permutation symmetries. The treatment is intended as a model for any pair of two-level systems. Its extension to multilevel systems and the eventual emergence of dissipative behavior are outlined. The correlation of two-photon polarizations in the Einstein-Rosen-Podolsky paradox is described as an illustration.Correlations between the orientations of two particles with spin \textonehalf{} are formulated in terms of a complete set of operators appropriate to display the spectrum of oscillations under the influence of the spin interactions. The operators are classified for this purpose according to space and permutation symmetries. The treatment is intended as a model for any pair of two-level systems. Its extension to multilevel systems and the eventual emergence of dissipative behavior are outlined. The correlation of two-photon polarizations in the Einstein-Rosen-Podolsky paradox is described as an illustration.

Reviews of Modern PhysicsOct 1, 1983195 citations

The quantum Carnot-like heat engine: The level degenerate case

Yang Yang Yuan, Qiang Gu

The two-level quantum heat engines have been studied extensively. Before that, the optimization of most heat engines was mainly concentrated in non-degenerate cases. We consider the level degeneracy, then calculate the maximum operation time and the irreversible dissipation coefficient of the two-level system under the scheme of linear tuned levels. In the high-temperature limit, we find that the level degeneracy affects the maximum power of the two-level heat engine. Especially in the case of the same degeneracy of the ground state and the excited state, the influence is the greatest. In addition, we also show that the degeneracy does not affect the efficiency at maximum power and the consistent relation of the two-level Carnot-like heat engine.The two-level quantum heat engines have been studied extensively. Before that, the optimization of most heat engines was mainly concentrated in non-degenerate cases. We consider the level degeneracy, then calculate the maximum operation time and the irreversible dissipation coefficient of the two-level system under the scheme of linear tuned levels. In the high-temperature limit, we find that the level degeneracy affects the maximum power of the two-level heat engine. Especially in the case of the same degeneracy of the ground state and the excited state, the influence is the greatest. In addition, we also show that the degeneracy does not affect the efficiency at maximum power and the consistent relation of the two-level Carnot-like heat engine.

International Journal of Modern Physics BJan 22, 20241 citation

Two-level dynamics

Perry R. Rice

Institute of Physics eBooksJul 1, 20250 citations

{{t}_{H}} = \hbar {\text{/}}\Delta E

, where

\Delta E

is the interlevel distance in the vortex core (the minigap). This type of Planck dissipation has two important physical consequences. First, it determines the regime, when the effect of the axial anomaly becomes important. The anomalous spectral flow of the energy levels along the chiral branch of the Caroli–de Gennes–Matricon states becomes important in the super-Planckian region, i.e., when

\tau < \hbar {\text{/}}\Delta E

. Second, the Planck dissipation separates the laminar flow of the superfluid liquid at

\tau < \hbar {\text{/}}\Delta E

and the vortex turbulence regime at

\tau > \hbar {\text{/}}\Delta E