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Universality and Renormalization: From Stochastic Evolution to Renormalization of Quantum Fields

Ilia A. Binder, Dirk Kreimer

Published Feb 28, 2007• 19 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Manifestly gauge invariant exact renormalization groups by S. Arnone, T. R. Morris, and O. J. Rosten SLE(8/3) and Brownian excursions in annuli by R. O. Bauer Cardy's formula on the triangular lattice, the easy way by V Beffara Rota-Baxter algebras in renormalization of perturbative quantum field theory by K. Ebrahimi-Fard and L. Guo Practicalities of renormalizing quantum field theories by J. A. Gracey Quantum field theory in curved spacetime by S. Hollands Entropy of $XY$ spin chain and block Toeplitz determinants by A. R. Its, B.-Q. Jin, and V. E. Korepin On the quantitative boundary behavior of SLE by N.-G. Kang The configurational measure on mutually avoiding SLE paths by M. J. Kozdron and G. F. Lawler Dyson-Schwinger equations: From Hopf algebra to number theory by D. Kreimer Two-sided $SLE_{8/3}$ and the infinite self-avoiding polygon by G. F. Lawler and J. R. Lind Using the renormalization gorup by D. G. C. McKeon Short distance behavior of scaling functions for the planar ising model by J. Palmer Constructing conformal field theory models by I. Todorov The art of computing loop integrals by S. Weinzierl The transition temperature of the weakly interacting Bose gas by J. Zinn-Justin.

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The large distance behaviour, near the critical temperature, of continuous phase transitions with short range interactions can be reproduced by an effective local field theory. Within this framework, the universal properties of the large distance can be determined by finding fixed points of general, functional renormalization group (RG) equations (Wilson, Wegner). For dimension D > 4, the large scale behavior is governed by the Gaussian fixed point (related to mean field theory), while for D < 4 the Gaussian fixed point is unstable. Near D = 4, the RG equations can be solved in the form of an ǫ = 4 − D expansion, a new stable fixed point is found and this leads to the famous Wilson-Fisher expansion for critical exponents and other universal quantities. Moreover, one realizes that, in this framework, the effective field theory can be reduced to a renormalizable field theory and, at leading order in the critical domain, the much simpler quantum field theory renormalization group can be used. A number of physicists, including the Saclay group (Brezin, Le Guillou, Zinn-Justin) have developed sophisticated field theory techniques, to prove general scaling laws and to calculate exponents to higher orders [1].
Part 1 Satellite meeting of Statphys-19: quantum domains in ferromagnetic anisotropic Heisenberg chains, F.C. Alcaraz et al algebraic solution of the coincidence problem for crystals and quasi crystals, M. Baake reflection equations and surface critical phenomena, M.T. Batchelor quantum field theories in terms of group-valued local fields - an overview, L.L. Chau U(1)-invariant local and integrable lattice formulation of the massive Thirring model, C. Destri dilute algebras and solvable lattice models, U. Grimm quantum group and the Hofstadter problem, Y. Hatsugai et al domain walls in the spin-S quantum Ising chain, M. Henkel mutual exclusion statistics in the exactly solvable model of the Mott metal-insulator transition, M. Kohmoto et al boundary Yang-Baxter in the RSOS/SOS representation, W.M. Koo and C. Ahn probability of phase separation and two point temperature correlation functions for the Bose gas with delta interaction, V.E. Korepin and A.R. Its the generalized chiral clock model and its phase diagram, H. Au-Yang and J.H.H. Perk stochastic reaction-diffusion processes, operator algebras and integrable quantum spin chains, G.M. Schutz vertex-face correspondence in elliptic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation, Y. Shibukawa logarithmic anomalies of susceptibility for solvable models, M. Takahashi on chiral Hubbard model at strong interaction, D.F. Wang soluble free-fermion models in d dimensions, F.Y. Wu bosonization based on Bethe Ansatz equations and proof of the conformal conjecture, Y.S. Wu and Y Yu. Part 3 The seventh Nankai workshop: one dimensional lattice models of electrons with r2 hopping and exchange, Ch. Gruber and D.F. Wang symmetry group invariants for spontaneous magnetization, J.-M. Maillard Zamolodchikov-Faddeev algebra vertex models, H.-P. Eckle scaling properties of the Ising model in a field, U. Grimm and B. Nienhuis experimental realizations of integrable reaction-diffusion processes in biological and chemical systems, G.M. Schutz and other papers. (Part contents).
Abstract These introductory notes are about functional renormalization group equations and some of their applications. It is emphasised that the applicability of this method extends well beyond critical systems, it actually provides us a general purpose algorithm to solve strongly coupled quantum field theories. The renormalization group equation of F. Wegner and A. Houghton is shown to resum the loop-expansion. Another version, due to J. Polchinski, is obtained by the method of collective coordinates and can be used for the resummation of the perturbation series. The genuinely non-perturbative evolution equation is obtained by a manner reminiscent of the Schwinger-Dyson equations. Two variants of this scheme are presented where the scale which determines the order of the successive elimination of the modes is extracted from external and internal spaces. The renormalization of composite operators is discussed briefly as an alternative way to arrive at the renormalization group equation. The scaling laws and fixed points are considered from local and global points of view. Instability induced renormalization and new scaling laws are shown to occur in the symmetry broken phase of the scaler theory. The flattening of the effective potential of a compact variable is demonstrated in case of the sine-Gordon model. Finally, a manifestly gauge invariant evolution equation is given for QED.