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IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS eBooks

Experimental Polarization Squeezing and Continuous Variable Entanglement via the Optical Kerr Effect

Vincent Josse, Aurélien Dantan, Alberto Bramati, M. Pinard, E. Giacobino, J. Heersink, Ulrik L. Andersen, O. Glöckl, Gerd Leuchs

Published Feb 1, 2007• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1142/9781860948169_0013

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We have experimentally demonstrated polarization entanglement using continuous variables in an ultra-short pulsed laser system at the telecommunications wavelength of 1.5µm. Exploiting the Kerr non-linearity of a glass fibre we generated polarization squeezed pulses with Ŝ 2 as the only non-zero Stokes parameter, thus Ŝ 1 and Ŝ 3 being the conjugate pair. Polarization entanglement was generated by interference of the polarization squeezed field with a vacuum on a 50:50 beamsplitter. The two resultant beams exhibit strong quantum noise correlations in Ŝ 1 and Ŝ 3 . The sum noise signal of Ŝ 3 was at the respective shot noise level and the difference noise signal of Ŝ 1 fell −2.9 dB below this value.

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Continuous variable polarization states have attracted much attention due to their apparent applicability to quantum information networks. Polarization entanglement was presented by transformation of the well-known quadrature entanglement onto the polarization basis. The inseparability criteria as well as the EPR paradox criteria for Stokes operators were also demonstrated. In this paper the generation of such highly quantum correlated states using the interference of two fiber-based polarization squeezing sources is presented. This squeezing can be efficiently created based on the nonlinear effect experienced by ultra-short pulses in fused silica fibers. Two linearly orthogonal polarized modes with identical amplitudes propagate through a polarization maintaining fiber, they experience the same nonlinearity and the phase of the interference between them is controlled to achieve circularly polarized light at the output.
Quantum systems such as, for example, photons, atoms, or Bose-Einstein condensates, prepared in complex states where entanglement between distinct degrees of freedom is present, may display several intriguing features. In this Letter we introduce the concept of such complex quantum states for intense beams of light by exploiting the properties of cylindrically polarized modes. We show that already in a classical picture the spatial and polarization field variables of these modes cannot be factorized. Theoretically it is proven that by quadrature squeezing cylindrically polarized modes one generates entanglement between these two different degrees of freedom. Experimentally we demonstrate amplitude squeezing of an azimuthally polarized mode by exploiting the nonlinear Kerr effect in a specially tailored photonic crystal fiber. These results display that such novel continuous-variable entangled systems can, in principle, be realized.
We have experimentally demonstrated polarization entanglement using continuous variables in an ultra-short pulsed laser system at the telecommunications wavelength of 1.5µm. Exploiting the Kerr non-linearity of a glass fibre we generated polarization squeezed pulses with Ŝ 2 as the only non-zero Stokes parameter, thus Ŝ 1 and Ŝ 3 being the conjugate pair. Polarization entanglement was generated by interference of the polarization squeezed field with a vacuum on a 50:50 beamsplitter. The two resultant beams exhibit strong quantum noise correlations in Ŝ 1 and Ŝ 3 . The sum noise signal of Ŝ 3 was at the respective shot noise level and the difference noise signal of Ŝ 1 fell −2.9 dB below this value.