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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Quantum Entanglement Between Optical Photon and Solid-state Spin Qubit

Emre Togan, Yiwen Chu, Alexei S. Trifonov, Liang Jiang, Jeronimo R. Maze, Lilian Childress, Meenakshi Dutt, Anders Søndberg Sørensen, Philip Hemmer, Alexander S. Zibrov, Mikhail D. Lukin

Published May 27, 2010• 0 citations
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Abstract

Solid entanglement Quantum entanglement is widely used for fundamental tests of quantum mechanics and applications such as quantum cryptography. Previous experiments have demonstrated entanglement of optical photons with trapped atoms or ions and atomic ensembles. Here the authors realize quantum entanglement between the polarization of a single optical photon and a solid-state qubit associated with the single electronic spin of a nitrogen vacancy centre in diamond. This may provide a key building block for the solid-state realization of quantum optical networks.

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Solid entanglement Quantum entanglement is widely used for fundamental tests of quantum mechanics and applications such as quantum cryptography. Previous experiments have demonstrated entanglement of optical photons with trapped atoms or ions and atomic ensembles. Here the authors realize quantum entanglement between the polarization of a single optical photon and a solid-state qubit associated with the single electronic spin of a nitrogen vacancy centre in diamond. This may provide a key building block for the solid-state realization of quantum optical networks.
Entanglement plays a central role in fundamental tests of quantum mechanics as well as in the burgeoning field of quantum information processing. Particularly in the context of quantum networks and communication, an outstanding challenge is the efficient generation of entanglement between stationary (spin) and flying (photon) qubits. In this talk, I will first show the observation of quantum entanglement between a semiconductor quantum dot spin and the color of a propagating optical photon [1]. The demonstration of entanglement relies on the use of fast single-photon detection which allows us to project the photon into a superposition of its two frequency components. Our results extend the previous demonstrations of single-spin-photon entanglement in trapped ions, neutral atoms and nitrogen vacancy centers to the domain of artificial atoms in semiconductor nano-structures that allow for integration of electronic and photonic elements.
An efficient spin–photon interface plays a significant role in building quantum network and distributed quantum computing with solid-state spin system, e.g., nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. Solid-state spin system has the advantages of excellent portability and long coherence time, however, it suffers from a critical drawback of low efficiency of spontaneously emitted photons in the zero phonon line. This poses a severe challenge for the generation of an efficient interface between solid-state spin and photon. Here, we propose a method to establish a coherent interface between photon and solid-state spin system which is coupled to a trapped ion via a quantum transducer. Our method provides a new route to establish an efficient spin–photon interface allowing the generation of entanglement between distant spins.
We propose efficient schemes of direct concurrence measurement for two-qubit spin and photon-polarization entangled states via the interaction between single-photon pulses and nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond embedded in optical microcavities. For different entangled-state types, diversified quantum devices and operations are designed accordingly. The initial unknown entangled states are possessed by two spatially separated participants, and nonlocal spin (polarization) entanglement can be measured with the aid of detection probabilities of photon (NV center) states. This non-demolition entanglement measurement manner makes initial entangled particle-pair avoid complete annihilation but evolve into corresponding maximally entangled states. Moreover, joint inter-qubit operation or global qubit readout is not required for the presented schemes and the final analyses inform favorable performance under the current parameters conditions in laboratory. The unique advantages of spin qubits assure our schemes wide potential applications in spin-based solid quantum information and computation.
Quantum entanglement, a key resource for quantum information science, is inherent in a solid. It has been recently shown that entanglement between a single optical photon and a single spin qubit in a solid is generated via spontaneous emission. However, entanglement generation by measurement is rather essential for quantum operations. We here show that the physics behind the entangled emission can be time reversed to demonstrate entangled absorption mediated by an inherent spin-orbit entanglement in a single nitrogen vacancy center in diamond. Optical arbitrary spin state preparation and complete spin state tomography reveal the fidelity of the entangled absorption to be 95%. With the entangled emission and absorption of a photon, materials can be spontaneously entangled or swap their quantum state based on the quantum teleportation scheme.