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The European Physical Journal Plus

Quantum description of an atom with an induced electric dipole moment under the effects of rotation and a linear potential

Abinael B. Oliveira, K. Bakke

Published Aug 1, 2016• 10 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1140/epjp/i2016-16266-4

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Two puzzling problems in explanation of the linear Stark effect of hydrogen atom and space quantization of the dipole moment

Pei-Lin You, Xiang-You Huang

The linear Stark effect for the first excited state of the hydrogen atom shows that, in the unperturbed states, the atom has a permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) of magnitude 3eao (ao is Bohr radius). The EDM is not induce by the external field but is inherent behavior of the atom. But the calculation of quantum mechanics tells us that unperturbed states of hydrogen atom have no EDM! In the effect, two of four states have no energy shift. What are the EDM of the hydrogen atoms in the two states? Quantum mechanics can not answer the problem. The statement that the EDM of the two states is perpendicular to the field only comes from guesses in quantum mechanics. The two problems had puzzled physicists for more than 80 years. By introducing a new parameter this article gives a satisfactory explanation for the effect. Our calculation discovered that, in the unperturbed states, the atoms not only have EDM with 3eao but also can have only three directions of quantization! It is an entirely unexpected discovery. This research is a vital clue that not all is well with quantum mechanics. We prophesy that hydrogen-like atoms, such as K, Rb and Cs atom etc, may have large EDM of the order of magnitude eao in their ground state (see arXiv:0809.4767, arXiv:0810.0770 and arXiv:0810.2026).

arXiv:0810.3316•Oct 18, 2008•0 citations
Quantum effects on a neutral particle (atom or molecule) with an induced electric dipole moment are investigated when it is subject to the Kratzer potential and a scalar potential proportional to the radial distance. In addition, this neutral is placed in a region with electric and magnetic fields. This system is analysed in both non-rotating and rotating reference frames. Then, it is shown that bound state solutions to the Schrödinger equation can be achieved and, in the search for polynomial solutions to the radial wave function, a restriction on the values of the cyclotron frequency is analysed in both reference frames.
The behaviour of a neutral particle (atom, molecule) with an induced electric dipole moment in a region with a uniform effective magnetic field under the influence of the Kratzer potential (Kratzer 1920 Z. Phys. 3 , 289–307. ( doi:10.1007/BF01327754 )), and rotating effects is analysed. It is shown that the degeneracy of the Landau-type levels is broken and the angular frequency of the system acquires a new contribution that stems from the rotation effects. Moreover, in the search for bound state solutions, it is shown that the possible values of this angular frequency of the system are determined by the quantum numbers associated with the radial modes and the angular momentum, the angular velocity of the rotating frame and by the parameters associated with the Kratzer potential.
The linear Stark effect for the first excited state of the hydrogen atom shows that, in the unperturbed states, the atom has a permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) of magnitude 3eao (ao is Bohr radius). The EDM is not induce by the external field but is inherent behavior of the atom. But the calculation of quantum mechanics tells us that unperturbed states of hydrogen atom have no EDM! In the effect, two of four states have no energy shift. What are the EDM of the hydrogen atoms in the two states? Quantum mechanics can not answer the problem. The statement that the EDM of the two states is perpendicular to the field only comes from guesses in quantum mechanics. The two problems had puzzled physicists for more than 80 years. By introducing a new parameter this article gives a satisfactory explanation for the effect. Our calculation discovered that, in the unperturbed states, the atoms not only have EDM with 3eao but also can have only three directions of quantization! It is an entirely unexpected discovery. This research is a vital clue that not all is well with quantum mechanics. We prophesy that hydrogen-like atoms, such as K, Rb and Cs atom etc, may have large EDM of the order of magnitude eao in their ground state (see arXiv:0809.4767, arXiv:0810.0770 and arXiv:0810.2026).