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Observation of inhibited spontaneous emission in 3-D periodic Bragg structures

Jordi Martorell, N. M. Lawandy

Published May 21, 1990• 0 citations
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Abstract

It has been known for several years that the dynamic interaction between radiation in vacuum and matter can be modified by changing the density of electromagnetic modes in space.1 Recently, inhibition and enhancement of spontaneous emission have been reported in the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum.2

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In 1946 Purcell showed that the spontaneous emission rate of an atomic system could be enhanced by placing it in a conducting cavity. Later, Kleppner showed that spontaneous emission could also be inhibited if the vacuum modes coupled to the atom were excluded by a structure. Most recently, we experimentally have shown that a periodic dielectric structure could alter the spontaneous emission by Bragg scattering of vacuum fluctuations.1 The structure used was a colloidal crystal with a face-centered cubic structure whose (111) planes were separated by optical dimensions.
It is well known that spontaneous emission is not an intrinsic atomic property, but rather results from the coupling of the atom to the vacuum modes of the electromagnetic field. As such, it can be modified by tailoring the electromagnetic environment into which the atom can radiate. This was already realized by Purcell, who noted that the spontaneous emission rate can be enhanced if the atom placed inside a cavity is resonant with one of the cavity is resonant with one of the cavity modes, and by Kleppner, who discussed the opposite case of inhibited spontaneous emission. It has also been recognized that spontaneous emission need not be an irreversible process. Indeed, a system consisting of a single atom coupled to a single mode of the electromagnetic field undergoes a periodic exchange of excitation between the atom and the field. This periodic exchange remains dominant as long as the strength of the coupling between the atom and a cavity mode is itself dominant. 23 refs., 6 figs.
The control of the decay rate of an excited atom through the photonic mode density (PMD) was pointed out at radiofrequency by Purcell in 1946. Nowadays the development of sophisticated photonic band structures makes it possible to monitor the PMD at shorter radiation wavelengths and then to manipulate the spontaneous emission of atoms in the hard region of the electromagnetic spectrum especially in the visible domain. In this communication we study the possibility of monitoring the x‐ray emission by means of one‐dimensional photonic band structures such as periodic multilayer systems. Enhancement or inhibition of soft x‐ray emissions seems now to be feasible by means of the state‐of‐the art in x‐ray optics.