Electron and phonon correlations in systems of one-dimensional electrons coupled to phonons are studied at low temperatures by emphasizing on the effect of electron-phonon backward scattering. It is found that the
2kF-wave components of the electron density and phonon displacement field share the same correlations. Both correlations are quasi-long-ranged for a single conducting chain coupled to one-dimensional or three-dimensional phonons, and they are long-ranged for repulsive electron-electron interactions for a three-dimensional array of parallel one-dimensional conducting chains coupled to three-dimensional phonons.