Resonance: From Probability To Epistemology And Back

Arkady Plotnitsky

Amit Hagar

K. Hess

It is demonstrated that the use of Kolmogorov’s probability theory to describe results of quantum probability for EPRB (Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm) experiments requires extreme care when different subsets of measurement outcomes are considered. J. S. Bell and his followers have committed critical inaccuracies related to spin-gauge and probability measures of such subsets, because they use exclusively a single probability space for all data sets and sub-sets of data. It is also shown that Bell and followers use far too stringent epistemological requirements for the consequences of space-like separation. Their requirements reach way beyond Einstein’s separation principle and cannot be met by the major existing physical theories including relativity and even classical mechanics. For example, the independent free will does not empower the experimenters to choose multiple independent spin-gauges in the two EPRB wings. It is demonstrated that the suggestion of instantaneous influences at a distance (supposedly “derived” from experiments with entangled quantum entities) is a consequence of said inaccuracies and takes back rank as soon as the Kolmogorov probability measures are related to a consistent global spin-gauge and permitted to be different for different data subsets: Using statistical interpretations and different probability spaces for certain subsets of outcomes instead of probability amplitudes related to single quantum entities, permits physical explanations without a violation of Einstein’s separation principle.

Inge Svein Helland

changzheng zhou, ZIQING zhou

This paper aims to provide a systematic meta-theoretical framework for the”Quantum Geometrization” research program. From an epistemological perspective, it clarifies that establishing ”information” as the first principle of physics isnot an arbitrary metaphysical presupposition, but is based on two operationallymeaningful meta-rules: conservation of information distinguishability and finitestep computability of physical processes. This paper argues that these two metarules constitute the boundary conditions that any cognizable and testable physicaltheory must satisfy, and together they define the ”operational window of physicalcognition”. Within this framework, spacetime geometry is interpreted as an emergent phenomenon of information structure in the coarse-graining limit, quantumuncertainty is reinterpreted as an inevitable trade-off between levels of information description, and a series of cosmological parameters are traced back to rigidconstraints of information algebra. This paper further synthesizes the core achievements of the Quantum Geometrization series into a unified ”information dynamics”prediction network, and discusses the framework’s scope of applicability, challenges,and future directions. This study provides an epistemological foundation for thecore proposition ”spacetime emerges from information” and places the QuantumGeometrization program within a falsifiable scientific paradigm.